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Year 8 Humanities

HISTORY OF

CAPE YORK

By Harrison. S

PRE-CONTACT

BEFORE 1606

Indigenous peoples migrated across Australia from Indonesia approximately 60,000 years ago by using canoes and small boats to travel between islands. They spread out into 250 language groups and were one of the last stone age cultures before European contact. These stone-age societies were rich in culture and respected the land and animals when hunting and gathering.

Pre-1606

1606-1890

CONTACT

1606-1890

The first contact from Europeans was in 1606 when the “Duyfken” a Dutch ship sent to explore unknown territory in Indonesia and south for potential trade opportunitities. They were also trying to find a passage to the Pacific Ocean. When doing this they were the first Europeans to ‘discover’ Australia by landing at the Pennefather River. Whilst there he also made contact with the traditional owners, the Yupungathi people. In 1770, Captain James Cook sailed and completed the cartography of the East-coast of Australia. His ship, The Endevour was beached at Cooktown in 1770 and and needed repairing for 48 days.

A map of the possible route taken by the Duyfken on its journey to Australia

THE DUYFKEN

The Duyfken

In 1606, the Dutch ship known as the Duyfken was sent by the VOC to search for the “south and east lands” for trading. This was beyond the furthest reaches of their known world. The Duyfken set on its historical voyage from Banda, Indonesia in 1605, November 18th. Captain Willem Janszoon who commanded the ship, sailed east along New Guinea’s south coast before heading south into the middle of the Arafura Sea and then south east eventually being the first Europeans to discover Australia. The dutch explorer Willem Janszoon, was the first person in history to map Australia and stepped onto Australian soil at Pennefather River. When the Europeans first encountered the traditional Aboriginal people, the crew of the Duyfken started trading with local Wik-Mungkan people.

"They were happy to receive the tobacco, but were unfamiliar with the flour and soap and threw it away". (Duyfken: 2022)

According to this account, "the Dutch took some of the women and forced the men to hunt for them. Eventually a fight broke out, leading the locals to kill some of the Dutch and burn some of their boats. The Dutch are said to have shot dead many of the Wik-Mungkan people before escaping." (Duyfken: 2022)

CONTACT

1890-1950

Aboriginal people were forced to move into church missions so that Europeans could steal their land away from them. This happened throughout Australia and on Cape York. There were missions like the Mapoon Mission and Bloomfield River Mission. Indigenous children were stolen from their families to be sent and raised by white families or church orphanages. This is known as the Stolen Generation.

1890-1950

1950-1972

Post Contact

1950-1972

Aboriginal peoples lives were still controlled by the government and many protests were made. One of these was at Sydney and Cape York traditional owners were leading the protest. Bauxite deposits were discovered on the Western Cape York land in the 1950’s. The rural town/mining town of Weipa began in 1961. Twenty-three Aboriginal residents were forcefully removed from Mapoon on November 15, 1963 and were made to move to Bamaga.

Contemporary

1972-2000

The residents of Old Mapoon returned and were aided with a Commonwealth grant in 1974. In 1992, the High Court of Australia recognised the native title in the Mabo Case (Mabo Decision) and overturned the doctrine ‘Terra Nullius’ for land rights. This helped people recognise that all Indigenous people are equal with white people and should be recognised as the first nation’s people.

1972-2000

The Mabo Case

The Mabo Case

On 3 June 1992 the High Court of Australia recognised that a group of Torres Strait Islanders, led by Eddie Mabo, held ownership of Mer (Murray Island). Starting on the 20th of May, 1982, Eddie Koiki Mabo, Reverend David Passi, Sam Passi, James Rice and Celuia Mapo Sale all fought for the land rights of Mer (Murray Island) and brought an action against the State of Queensland and the Commonwealth of Australia, in the High Court. The Mabo decision acknowledged the traditional rights of Indigenous people to their land and waters and paved the way for native title in Australia. Six of the seven judges agreed that the Meriam held traditional ownership of the lands of Mer. This influenced other Indigenous people to fight for their rights and made a movement so that European-Australian people recognises that they are the traditional owners of their land and they have to acknowledge and respect it.

"The High Court recognised the fact that Indigenous peoples had lived in Australia for thousands of years." (The Mabo Case: 2022).

This decision helped improve Indigenous-Australians rights by making them equal which showed non-Indigenous people that they should be recognised as the first nations people.

After 2000

Contemperary

After 2000

After 2000 the lands of Aboriginal peoples were returned and now they can manage their rightful land. On the Cape there are rangers from Mapoon and Napranum managing their rightful land. Now all Australians celebrate and recognise the traditional custodians of the land and give equal rights to everyone.

References

Mabo decision. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/mabo-decision#:~:text=On%203%20June%201992%20the,existed%20for%20all%20Indigenous%20people

The Mabo Case. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/mabo-case

Five things you should know about the Mabo decision. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2017/06/02/five-things-you-should-know-about-the-mabo-decision.html

Mabo decision. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/mabo-decision

The Mabo Case. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/mabo-case#:~:text=Legal%20proceedings%20for%20the%20case,%2C%20claiming%20'native%20title'%20to

What is Mabo Day and why is it significant?. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-03/what-is-mabo-day-eddie-high-court-decision-terra-nullius/100180516

Duyfken - Australian National Maritime Museum. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.sea.museum/whats-on/our-fleet/duyfken

Willem Janszoon's Expedition 1605-1606. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15175/willem-janszoons-expedition-1605-1606/

A brief history of the Duyfken original - Duyfken. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.duyfken.com/duyfken-original/a-brief-history/

First European ship to reach Australia - Duyfken. (2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://www.duyfken.com/duyfken-original/first-european-ship-to-australia/

(2022). Retrieved 25 August 2022, from https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_246279/Qld_heritage_v3_no1_1974_p3_p8.pdf?Expires=1661411145&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=RqH28~9rLKPxQpqpUoXKOBc~Bk5DiY6c4kas2Fh33crovHCiRkqk4lnkS-JQxtG4lWXm9Aet5OJBIzJAIbrH71ZvtljiJMuyQtqbeQSWaC3MEUMfcm1RKRSrdx9SKQAKbztP-96GoLbWLYu5jXTLNbhsPNisVYpGC8dfkCJX0LJIjvIGHi74Tt~v6XqDsm~kalHwlbQG92IwbQFSrbE8Q3tpUPonJiXO0uFV0FriMq347~qEfaNUUDR5ARxG62iIuJRkJ7-TrzSxBmkq8VBB136i6gqoczLVN9mKl4hfR~K8cnP~f~ERGv7roHbETMUdG2URjiZPCMK9rueg-j79rw__

References

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