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Security Enhancement for Color Images via Invisible Watermarking and Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Domain
Ing. Daniel García Olivares
Dr. Manuel Cedillo Hernández
Security Enhancement for Color Images via Invisible Watermarking and Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Domain
OUTLINE
Introduction
Proposed method
Outline
Experimental results
Conclusions
Intro
Introduction
- Our propose: A security enhancement method for color images, based on a hybrid scheme: Watermarking, Reversible data hiding (RDH) and encryption techniques, respectively
- Justification:
- To ensure the ownership image authentication.
- To Increase the security of the information.
- Goals: To guarantee the imperceptibility, embedding capacity, robustness and security, in the context of watermarking and RDH
Intro
Encryption
Reversible Data Hiding
Encryption techniques are effective and popular means of privacy protection
Allows to recover the original digital medium, error-free
RDH schemes in combination with cipher techniques have gained increasing attention.
RDH techniques are suitable for other data hiding methods
To ensure the information security by encrypt it just before transmitting the information.
Guarantee the additional bits imperceptibility when they are already hidden.
Brings the possibility to recover or at least to get an approximation of the original digital content
Digital watermarking
Is a solution for ownership authentication
Invisible techniques are mainly based on the transform domain, hence robustness is guarantied.
May be an invisible or visible technique
Intro
What if...?
Encryption methods
Watermarking techniques
Reversible data hiding
Proposed method
Content owner: Has the original digital image to encrypt it.
Proposed method
Data hider: Has the secret information to embed it into the ciphered image,then the whole content is encrypted again.
Receiver: Has the ciphered image with hidden data to recover it error-free or just extract the hidden data or both.
Diagram
General diagram
The luminance Y and chroma components Cb, Cr are encrypted by chaotic mixture procedure
Experimental results
Consider imperceptibility and robustness properties for invisible watermarking stage
Experimental results
Capacity and imperceptibility are two parameters to consider in RDH issue
In the encryption context we have only considered its security in a variety of color images
Experimental Results
RDH embedding capacity
RDH imperceptibility
TABLE II
IMPERCEPTIBILITY OF THE REVERSIBLE DATA HIDING
RDH imperceptibility vs embedding capacity
Imperceptibility of reversible data hiding algorithm with variable capacity
Experimental Results
Watermark imperceptibility
watermark strength factor from 1 to 10 and watermark pattern W with LN=64
Watermark imperceptibility
watermark strength factor =1.5 and a variable watermark length LN from 16 to 96 bits
Watermark robustness
Considering watermark W with LN=64, “Lena” test image and several distortions composed by common signal processing, geometric and combined attacks, the bit error rate between original and recovered watermark patterns was obtained
Experimental results
Encryption algorithms security: chaotic mixing technique
An example of decrypted image when secret keys k and P, are erroneous separately (c)-(d) and concurrently (e) respectively, as well as when both are correct (f)
Encryption algorithms security: Lightweight encryption algorithm SIT
(a) Original image. (b) Encrypted by SIT algorithm, (c) Decrypted with erroneous key. (d) Decrypted with correct key
Conclusions
From the viewpoint of reversible data hiding, the method has a low-moderate capacity and recovers the original information (chrominance and secret message) with error-free
Conclusions
From the viewpoint of invisible watermarking, the proposed method shows high robustness against several geometric, common signal processing operations and combined distortions; as well as high imperceptibility
References
References
[1] Y.Q. Shi, X. Li, X. Zhang, H.T. Wu and B. Ma, “Reversible data hiding: Advances in the past two decades” in IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 3210-3237, 2016.
[2] R. Caldelli, F. Filippini, and R. Becarelli, "Reversible watermarking techniques: An overview and a classification," EURASIP J. Inf. Secur., vol. 2010, 2010, Art. no. 134546.
[3] K. Ma, W. Zhang, X. Zhao, N. Yu, and F. Li, "Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption," IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 553-562, Mar. 2013.
[4] C.-W. Shiu, Y.-C. Chen, and W. Hong, "Encrypted image-based reversible data hiding with public key cryptography from difference expansion," Signal Process., Image Commun., vol. 39, pp. 226-233, Nov. 2015.
[5] X. Zhang, "Reversible data hiding in encrypted image," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 255-258, Apr. 2011.
[6] J. Zhou, W. Sun, L. Dong, X. Liu, O. C. Au, and Y. Y. Tang, "Secure reversible image data hiding over encrypted domain via key modulation," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 441-452, Mar. 2016.
[7] I. Cox, M. Miller, J. Bloom, J. Fridrich, and T. Kalker, Digital Watermarking and Steganography. San Mateo, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2007.
[8] M. Barni, F. Bartolini, Applications. In: “Watermarking Systems Engineering: Enabling Digital Assets Security and Other Applications,” Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 23-44, 2004.
[9] M. Cedillo-Hernandez, A. Cedillo-Hernandez, F. Garcia-Ugalde, M. Nakano-Miyatake, H. Perez-Meana, "Digital Color Images Ownership Authentication via Efficient and Robust Watermarking in a Hybrid Domain," Radioengineering Journal. 26(2), pp. 536-551, 2017.