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A.J. Ayer/Karol Wojtyła
A.J. Ayer
Karol Wojtyła
Ryan Mann
PH 358
15 April 2019
Saint Mary's University of Minnesota
Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer
- Born 29 Oct. 1910 in London
- Dutch Jewish Mother, Swiss Calvinist Father
- Eton, Oxford, Vienna
- WWII
- Four Marriages, Three Wives
- Died 27 June 1989 in London
Positively Pedia
"[Ayer was] a heavy smoker; steady, but not problematic, drinker; a resolute avoider of exercise, apart from a little night-club-style dancing," (Quinton 21)
Authorities on Ayer
Anthony Quinton
President, Trinity College
Former Professor, New College, Oxford
Ted Honderich
Grote Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic, University College London
Language, Truth, and Logic
1936
Language, Truth, and Logic
The Elimination of Metaphysics
The Elimination
of Metaphysics
"We say that a sentence is factually significant to any given person if, and only if, he knows how to verify the proposition which it purports to express--that is, if he knows what observations would lead him, under certain conditions, to accept the proposition as being true or reject it as being false" (Ayer 35)
The Function of Philosophy
The Function of Philosophy
"For the philosopher, as an analyst, is not directly concerned with the physical properties of things. He is concerned only with the way in which we speak about them"
(Ayer 57)
The Nature of Philosophical Analysis
"Every sentence which contains a a symbolic expression of this form can be translated into a sentence which does not contain any such expression, but does contain sub-sentence asserting that one, and only one, object possesses a certain property"
(Ayer 61)
The A Priori
The A Priori
"[a priori propositions] are without exception analytic propositions, or, in other words, tautologies"
(Ayer 84)
Truth and Probability
"What makes a proposition true or false?"
(Ayer 90)
Truth and Probability
Critique of Ethics and Theology
Critique of Ethics and Theology
Classes of Ethics Propositions:
1. Definitions of ethical terms
2. Phenomena of moral experience
3. Exhortations to moral virtue
4. Actual ethical judgments
The Self and the Common World
"The existence of [a substantive ego] is completely unverifiable"
(Ayer 126)
Solutions of Outstanding Philosophical Disputes
"There is nothing in the nature of philosophy to warrant the existence of conflicting philosophical parties"
(Ayer 133)
Karol Józef Wojtyła
- Born May 18, 1920 in Poland
- Lost family
- Nazi occupation, underground seminary
- Elected Bishop of Rome 1978
Pre-Petrine Pedia
What is a human being?
- Integrated whole (body and soul)
- Transcends himself in intentional acts
- Comes into being through community