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Y12 AS Ionic Bonding
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Ionic bonds
Y12 AS Ionic Bonding
and bond polarisation
Ionic bonding GCSE
We have already learned a lot about ionic bonding at GCSE.
None of what you have already learned changes but in AS-Chemistry we add a little bit more to the story
Ionic bonds
Ions
Metals are atoms which want to lose electrons
Non-metals want to gain electrons.
Ions are atoms which have lost or gained electrons. Cations have lost them and anions have gained them.
What holds the ions together
Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions. Its strength depends on two things:
Size of the ions
Size of the charge
Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds
The ions stack in a 3D arrangement; each anion surrounded by cations and each cation surrounded by anions.
This is known as a lattice and it is a giant structure.
Specification
Trends in atomic radii
Atomic radii decreases from left to right on the periodic table
Sizes of ions
Ionic radius
understand reasons for the trends in ionic radii down a group in the Periodic Table, and for a set of isoelectronic ions, including N3− to Al3+
Ionic radius
Specification
Bond Polarisation
Everything we have learned so far assumes ions are perfect solid spheres which are attracted to each other...
Polarisation
Polarisation
The cation can actually attract the anion's electrons towards it.
Small highly charged cations and large anions become polarised
If the bond is polarised enough we start to see electron overlap and the bond becomes slightly covalent.