CA DMV Permit

Identity

Documents

Residency Documents

DL Fee

• Pay a nonrefundable application fee. The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
• Allows you 3 attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests.
• (If you fail the knowledge test 3 times, the application is no longer valid and you must reapply.)
• Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee for subsequent test(s) and schedule the driving test for another day.
• If you fail the driving test 3 times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.

DL Class

• wearing seat belts is the law
• seat belts must have a lap belt and shoulder harness
• You and all passengers must wear a seat belt or you and/or your passenger(s) may be cited. If the passenger is under 16 years old, you may be cited if they are not wearing their seat belt.
• Pregnant women should wear the lap belt as low as possible under the abdomen, and the shoulder strap should be placed between the breasts and to the side of the abdomen’s bulge.

Seat Belts

• Children under 2 years old must be secured in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system unless the child is 40 pounds or more, or 3 feet 4 inches or taller.

• Children under 8 years old, or who are less than 4 feet 9 inches tall, must be properly secured in a federally-approved child passenger restraint system.

• Children under 8 years old may ride in the front seat of a vehicle in a federally-approved child passenger restraint system under the following instances:

— There is no rear seat.

— The rear seats are side-facing jump seats.

— The rear seats are rear-facing seats.

— The child passenger restraint system cannot be installed properly in the rear seat

— All rear seats are already occupied by children 7 years old or younger.

— Medical reasons require the child to not ride in the back seat.

• A child may not ride in the front seat of an airbag equipped vehicle if they are in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system.

• Children who are 8 years old or older OR who have reached at least 4 feet 9 inches in height may use a properly secured safety belt meeting federal standards.

Child Restraint and Safety

Driver and Passengers must ride at least 10 inches (measured from the center of the steering wheel to your breastbone) from the air bag cover

Airbags

It is illegal to leave a child 6 years old or younger unattended in a motor vehicle.

Note: A child may be left under the supervision of a person 12 years old or older.

Unattended Children

Anything that prevents you from operating your vehicle safely is a distraction. The following are the 3 types of driver distractions:

• Visual—Eyes off the road.

• Cognitive—Mind off the road.

• Manual—Hands off the steering wheel.

Some actions that cause distracted driving and lead to vehicle collisions are:

Distracted Driving

It is dangerous and illegal to leave children and/or animals in a hot vehicle.

Hot Weather Risks

Road Signs Video #1

Road Signs Video #2

• If you approach a pedestrian in any and all instances, you are required to exercise caution and reduce your speed, or stop if necessary, to ensure the safety of the pedestrian.

• Do not pass a vehicle stopped at a crosswalk. A pedestrian you cannot see may be crossing the street. Stop and proceed when all pedestrians have crossed the street.

• Do not drive on a sidewalk, except to cross it to enter or exit a driveway or alley. When crossing, yield to all pedestrians.

• Do not stop in a crosswalk. You will place pedestrians in danger.

Pedestrians

• Remember, if a pedestrian makes eye contact with you, they are ready to cross the street. Yield to the pedestrian.

• Allow sufficient time to cross the street for:

— Older pedestrians.

— Disabled pedestrians.

— Pedestrians with young children.

• When required to stop because of a sign or signal, you must stop before the stop line, crosswalk, stop sign, or signal.
• You must yield to pedestrians entering or in a crosswalk.
• Not all crosswalks are marked.
• If there is a stop line before the crosswalk, the stop line must be obeyed first.
• Look for pedestrians and be prepared to stop, whether or not the lights are flashing.

Crosswalks

• At intersections (such as "T" intersections) without “STOP” or “YIELD” signs, slow down and be ready to stop. Yield to traffic and pedestrians already in the intersectionor just entering the intersection. Also, yield to the vehicle or bicycle that arrives first, or to the vehicle or bicycle on your right if it reaches the intersection at the same time as you.

• When you turn left, give the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching that are close enough to be dangerous. Also, look for motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians.

Safety suggestion: While waiting to turn left, keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. If your wheels are pointed to the left, and a vehicle hits you from behind, you could be pushed into oncoming traffic.

• When you turn right, be sure to check for pedestrians who want to cross the street and bicyclists riding next to you.

• On divided highways or highways with several lanes, watch for vehicles coming in any lane you cross. Turn either left or right only when it is safe.

• When there are “STOP” signs at all corners, stop first and then follow the rules listed above.

• If you park on the side of the road or are leaving a parking lot, etc., yield to traffic before reentering the road.

Intersections

Driving in a roundabout:

• Slow down as you approach the roundabout.

• Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists crossing the roadway.

• Watch for signs and/or pavement markings that guide or prohibit certain movements.

• Enter the roundabout (heading to the right) when there is a big enough gap in traffic to merge safely.

Multiple and single lane roundabout:

• Travel in a counter-clockwise direction. Do not stop or pass.

• Signal when you change lanes or exit the roundabout.

• If you miss your exit, continue around until you return to your exit. For roundabouts with multiple lanes, choose your entry or exit lane based on your destination as shown in the graphic

Roundabouts

When 2 vehicles meet on a steep road where neither vehicle can pass, the vehicle facing downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up until the vehicle going uphill can pass. The vehicle facing downhill has the greater amount of control when backing up the hill.

Mountain Roads

The maximum speed limit on most California highways is 65 mph. You may drive 70 mph where posted. Unless otherwise posted, the maximum speed limit is 55 mph on two-lane undivided highways and for vehicles towing trailers.

Other speed limit signs are posted for the type of roads and traffic in each area. All speed limits are based on ideal driving conditions. Construction zones usually have reduced speed zones.

Driving faster than the posted speed limit, or than is safe for current conditions, on any road is dangerous and illegal. High speed increases your stopping distance. The faster you go, the less time you have to avoid a hazard or accident. The force of a 60 mph crash isn’t just twice as great as a 30 mph crash, it’s four times as great!

Maximum Speeds

Reduced Speeds

Heavy traffic or bad weather

You must drive slower when there is heavy traffic or bad weather. However, if you block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic by driving too slowly, you may be given a ticket. If you choose to drive slower than other traffic, move to the right.

Towing Vehicles, Buses, or Large Trucks

When you tow a vehicle or trailer, or drive a bus or three- or moreaxle truck, you must drive in the right-hand lane or in a lane specially marked for slower vehicles. If no lanes are marked and there are four lanes or more in your direction, you may only drive in either of the two lanes closest to the right edge of the road.

When driving within 500 to 1,000 feet of a school while children are outside or crossing the street, the speed limit is 25 mph unless otherwise posted. Also, if the school grounds have no fence and children are outside, never drive faster than 25 mph. Some school zones may have speed limits as low as 15 mph. Near schools, look for:

• Bicyclists and pedestrians.

• School safety patrols or crossing guards. Be sure to obey their directions. For the crossing guard’s safety, allow them to safely get to the side of the road before driving ahead.

• Stopped school buses and children crossing the street. Some school buses flash yellow lights when preparing to stop to let children off the bus. The yellow flashing lights warn you to slow down and prepare to stop. When the bus flashes red lights (located at the top front and back of the bus), you must stop from either direction until the children are safely across the street and the lights stop flashing. The law requires you remain stopped as long as the red lights are flashing (CVC §22454). If you fail to stop, you may be fined up to $1,000 and your driving privilege could be suspended for 1 year. If the school bus is on the other side of a divided or multilane highway (two or more lanes in each direction), you do not need to stop.

Around Children

Blind Intersections

The speed limit for a blind intersection is 15 mph. An intersection is considered “blind” if there are no stop signs at any corner and you cannot see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing.

If your view is blocked, move slowly forward until you can see.

Alleys

The speed limit in any alley is 15 mph.

Blind Intersections & Alleys

The speed limit is 15 mph within 100 feet of a railroad crossing where you cannot see the tracks for 400 feet in both directions. You may drive faster than 15 mph if the crossing is controlled by gates, a warning signal, or a flagman.

At railroad or train crossings:

• Look in both directions and listen for trains. Many crossings have multiple tracks; so, be ready to stop before crossing, if necessary. Cross railroad tracks only at designated crossings and only when it is safe to do so.

• Expect a train on any track, at any time, traveling in either direction. If you need to stop after crossing the tracks, wait until you can completely cross the tracks before proceeding. Make sure your vehicle clears the tracks before you stop.

• Never stop on the railroad tracks. If you are on the tracks, you risk injury or death.

• Watch for vehicles that must stop before they cross train tracks. These vehicles include buses, school buses, and trucks transporting hazardous loads.

• Remember that flashing red traffic signal lights mean STOP! Stop at least 15 feet, but no more than 50 feet, from the nearest track when the crossing devices are active or a person warns you a train is coming. Stop if you see a train coming or you hear the whistle, horn, or bell of an approaching train.

• Do not go under lowering gates or around lowered gates. Flashing red warning lights indicate you must stop and wait. Do not proceed over the

railroad tracks until the red lights stop flashing, even if the gate rises. If the gates are lowered and you do not see a train approaching, call the

posted railroad emergency toll-free number or 9-1-1. Be ready to give a detailed description of your location.

Light-Rail Transit Vehicle Crossings

The same rules apply to light-rail transit vehicle crossings as to train crossings.

Note: Light-rail transit vehicles are very quiet and accelerate more quickly than trains.

Railroad Tracks

Near Streetcars, Trolleys, or Buses

The passing speed limit, when safe to pass, is no more than 10 mph. This speed limit applies at a safety zone or intersection where a streetcar, trolley, or bus is stopped and traffic is controlled by a peace officer or traffic signal light. A safety zone is marked by raised buttons or markers on the road and set aside for pedestrians.

Business or Residential Districts

The speed limit is 25 mph, unless otherwise posted.

Near Animals

If you see a sign with a picture of an animal (see example), be alert for possible animals in or near the roadway. If you see animals or livestock near the roadway, slow down and proceed with caution. Be sure to follow directions from the person in charge of the animals. If you see a stray animal in your path, slow down or stop if it’s safe. Do not swerve as you may lose control of your vehicle and cause an accident. Be aware of sudden movements from the animals as they are unpredictable and may run into the roadway.

Others

Video

To avoid last minute moves, scan the road 10–15 seconds ahead of your vehicle so you can see hazards early. Constantly staring at the vehicle or road right in front of your vehicle is dangerous. As you scan ahead, be alert for vehicles around you. Use your mirrors. Know what is behind you, so you can prepare for what is ahead.

If you only look at the middle of the road, you will miss what is happening on the side of the road and behind you. Scanning helps you to see:

• Cars, motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, and animals that may be in the road by the time you reach them.

• Signs warning of problems ahead.

• Signs giving you directions.

Before changing lanes, look into your rearview mirror for nearby vehicles and over your shoulder to check for blind spots.

Watch for hazards–Look beyond the vehicle ahead of you. Do not develop a “fixed stare.” Check your rearview mirrors so you know the position of vehicles near you. On the freeway, be ready for changes in traffic conditions. Watch for signals from other drivers. Expect merging vehicles at onramps and interchanges. Be prepared for rapid changes in road conditions and traffic flow. Know which lanes are clear so you can use them, if necessary.

Do not be a tailgater! Many drivers follow too closely (tailgate) and are not able to see as far ahead as they should because the vehicle ahead blocks their view.

If a vehicle merges in front of you too closely, take your foot off the accelerator. This gives space between you and the vehicle ahead, without having to slam on your brakes or swerve into another lane. To avoid tailgating, use the “3 second rule”: when the vehicle ahead of you passes a certain point, such as a sign, count “one-thousand-one, one-thousandtwo, one-thousand-three.” This takes approximately 3 seconds. If you pass the same point before you finish counting, you are following too closely.You should allow for more space when:

• A tailgater is behind you. Allow extra space ahead and do not brake suddenly. Slow down gradually or merge into another lane to prevent a collision with the tailgater!

• Driving on slippery roads.

• Following motorcyclists or bicyclists on wet or icy roads, metal surfaces (for example, bridge gratings, railroad tracks, etc.), and gravel.

Motorcyclists and bicyclists can fall easily on these surfaces.

• The driver behind you wants to pass. Allow room in front of your vehicle so the driver will have space to move in front of you.

• Towing a trailer or carrying a heavy load. The extra weight makes it harder to stop.

• Following large vehicles that block your view ahead. The extra space allows you to see around the vehicle.

• You see a bus, school bus, or a placarded vehicle at railroad crossings. These vehicles must stop at railroad crossings.

• Merging onto a freeway.

Know what is ahead

Any time you come to a place where people may cross or enter your path or a line of traffic meets another, you should look to the left and right sides of your vehicle to make sure no one is coming. Always look to each side of your vehicle at intersections, crosswalks, and railroad crossings.

At intersections:

• Look both ways even if other traffic has a red traffic signal light or a stop sign.

— Look to the left first, since vehicles coming from the left are closer to you than vehicles coming from the right.

— Look to the right.

— Take one more look to the left in case there is a pedestrian, bicyclist, or vehicle you did not see the first time.

• Do not rely on traffic signal lights. Some drivers do not obey traffic signal lights. Before you enter an intersection, look left, right, and ahead for approaching traffic.

To maintain enough space on each side of your vehicle:

• Do not stay in another driver’s blind spot. The other driver may not see your vehicle and could change lanes and hit you.

• Avoid driving directly alongside other vehicles on multilane streets with or without traffic in the opposite direction. Another driver might crowd your lane or change lanes without looking and crash into you. Drive either ahead of or behind the other vehicle.

• If possible and when safe, make room for vehicles entering freeways even though you have the right-of-way.

• At freeway exits, do not drive alongside other vehicles. A driver may decide to exit suddenly or swerve back onto the freeway.

• Keep a space between your vehicle and parked vehicles. Someone may step out from between them, a vehicle door may open, or a vehicle may pull out suddenly.

• Be careful when driving near motorcyclists or bicyclists. Always leave plenty of room between your vehicle and any motorcyclists or bicyclists.

Know what is at your side

It is very important to check behind you before you:

• Change lanes. Look over your shoulder to make sure you are not getting in the way of vehicles in the lane you want to enter.

• Reduce your speed. Take a quick look in your mirrors. Also, check your mirrors when preparing to turn into a side road or driveway, and when stopping to pull into a parking space.

• Drive down a long or steep hill. Watch for large vehicles because they can gather speed very quickly.

• Back up. Backing up is always dangerous because it is hard to see behind your vehicle. When you are backing out of a parking space:

— Check in front and behind the vehicle before you get in.

— Know where your kids are. Make sure they are away from your vehicle and in full view before moving your vehicle.

— If other children are nearby, make sure you can see them before backing up.

— Do not depend only on your mirrors or only looking out a side window.

— Turn and look over your right and left shoulders before you begin backing. As a safety measure, look over your right and left shoulders again while backing.

— Back slowly to avoid collisions.

Check traffic behind you often to know if you are being tailgated (another driver is following too closely). If you are being tailgated, be careful Brake slowly before stopping. Tap your brakes lightly a few times to warn the tailgater you are slowing down. “Lose” the tailgater as soon as you can. Change lanes and allow the tailgater to pass you, or slow down to allow enough space between you and the car in front of you. If this does not work, pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass.

Know what is behind you

If something is in your path, you need to see it in time to stop. Assuming you have good tires, brakes, and dry pavement:

• At 55 mph, it takes about 400 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.

• At 35 mph, it takes about 210 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.

Adjust your driving speed to the weather and road conditions (refer to the “Basic Speed Law” in the “Speed Limits” section on page 37). Turn on your lights during the day, if it is hard to see or you cannot see at least 1,000 feet ahead of you.

How well can you stop?

Video

Choosing a lane

Traffic lanes are often referred to by number. The left or “fast” lane is called the “Number 1 Lane.” The lane to the right of the “Number 1 Lane” is called the “Number 2 Lane,” and then the “Number 3 Lane,” etc. Drive in the lane with the smoothest flow of traffic. If you can choose among three lanes, pick the middle lane for the smoothest driving. To drive faster, pass, or turn left, use the left lane. When you choose to drive slowly, enter or exit traffic on the right, turn right, park, or move off the road, use the right lane. If there are only two lanes in your direction, pick the right lane for the smoothest driving. Do not weave in and out of traffic. Stay in one lane as much as possible. Once you start through an intersection, keep going. If you start to make a turn, follow through. Last minute changes may cause collisions. If you miss a turn, continue until you can safely and legally turn around.

Changing Lanes

Changing lanes includes:

• Moving from one lane to another.

• Entering the freeway from an onramp.

• Entering the road from a curb or the shoulder.

Before changing lanes, signal, look in all your mirrors, and:

• Check traffic behind and beside you.

• Look over your shoulder in the direction you plan to move to make sure the lane you want is clear.

• Check for vehicles, motorcyclists, and bicycle traffic in your blind spot.

• Be sure there is enough room for your vehicle in the next lane.

Passing Lanes

Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other vehicles to move into your lane. Never drive off the paved or main-traveled portion of the road or on the shoulder to pass. The edge of the main-traveled portion of the road may have a painted white line on the road’s surface. Passing other vehicles at crossroads, railroad crossings,

and shopping center entrances is dangerous.

Pass traffic on the left. You may pass on the right only when:

• An open highway is clearly marked for two or more lanes of travel in your direction.

• The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the roadway to pass. Never pass on the left if the driver is signaling a left turn.

Changing/Passing Lanes

Carpool/High-Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) Lanes

An HOV lane is a special lane used only for carpools, buses, motorcycles, or decaled low-emission vehicles. You may use a carpool/HOV lane or onramp if your vehicle carries the posted minimum number of people required for the carpool lane, or you drive a low emission or a zero emission vehicle displaying a special DMV-issued decal. If you operate a low emission, zero emission, and/or hybrid vehicle, you may be exempt from all toll charges on high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. Motorcyclists may use designated carpool/HOV lanes, unless otherwise posted. Signs at the onramp or along the freeway tell you the minimum number of people per vehicle required for the carpool/HOV lane(s). These signs also list the days of the week and the hours when the carpool/HOV requirement applies. The pavement in this lane is marked with a diamond symbol and the words “Carpool Lane.” These lanes are also known as HOV lanes. Do not cross over double parallel solid lines to enter or exit any carpool/HOV lane except at designated entry or exit places.

Center Left Turn Lanes

A center left turn lane is located in the middle of a two-way street and is marked on both sides by two painted lines. If a street has a center left turn lane, you must use it to prepare for or make a left turn, or prepare for or make a permitted U-turn. You may only drive for 200 feet in the center left turn lane. This lane is not a regular traffic lane or a passing lane. To turn left from this lane, signal, look over your shoulder, and drive completely inside the center left turn lane. Do not stop with the back of your vehicle blocking traffic. Make sure the lane is clear in both directions and then turn only when it is safe. Look for vehicles coming toward you in the same lane,preparing to start their left turn. When turning left from a side street or driveway, signal and wait until it is safe. Then you may drive into the center left turn lane. Enter traffic only when it is safe.

Turnout Areas and Lanes

Special “turnout” areas are sometimes marked on two-lane roads. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass. Some two-lane roads have passing lanes. If you are driving slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and 5 or more vehicles are following, you must drive into the turnout areas or lanes to let the vehicles pass.

End-of-Lane Markings

Freeway lanes, as well as some city street lanes, which are ending will usually be marked by large broken lines painted on the pavement. If you are driving in a lane marked with these broken lines, be prepared to exit the freeway or the lane to end. Look for a sign that tells you to exit or merge, etc.

Yield Lines

Yield lines, also known as “shark’s teeth,” consist of a line of solid white triangles across a lane of traffic pointing towards approaching vehicles. This line indicates the point where the vehicle must yield/stop.

Center Left Turn/Turnout/Yield

A bicycle lane is a designated traffic lane for bicyclists defined by pavement markings and signage. Bicycle lanes are sometimes painted a bright green color to increase visibility. There are multiple classes and types of bicycle lanes, including:

• Bike Lane

— Established along streets adjacent to vehicle traffic, typically defined by a single solid white line that turns into a dashed line near an intersection.

• Buffered Bike Lane

— Provides greater separation from the adjacent vehicle traffic, as well as on-street parking, by using chevron or diagonal markings.

• Bike Route

— A designated preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared with vehicle traffic, established by placing bike route signs and/or shared roadway markings.

• Bicycle Boulevard

— A designated preferred route for bicyclists on streets shared with vehicle traffic, intended to prioritize bicycle travel.

• Separated Bikeway

— Also known as a cycle track or protected bike lane, for the exclusive use of bicyclists, and physically separated from vehicle traffic. The separation may include flexible posts, grade separation, inflexible barriers, or on-street parking.

• Shared Roadway Bicycle Markings (Sharrows)

— Alerts traffic that bicyclists are allowed to occupy this travel lane. When used appropriately, sharrows can also help bicyclists to maintain a safe lane position. It is illegal to drive in a bicycle lane unless parking (where permitted), entering or leaving the roadway, or turning (within 200 feet of the intersection). Drivers of motorized bicycles should use caution to avoid bicyclists, and use bike lanes at a speed that is reasonable and does not endanger the safety of bicyclists.

Bicycle Lanes

To make a left turn, drive close to the center divider line or into the left turn lane. Begin signaling about 100 feet before the turn. Look over your left shoulder and reduce your speed. Stop behind the limit line. Look left, right, and then left again, and make the turn when it is safe. When you turn left, do not turn too soon and “cut the corner” of the lane belonging to the vehicles coming towards you.

Important: Keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. If your wheels are pointed to the left and a vehicle hits you from behind, you could be pushed into oncoming traffic. A left turn against a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a one-way street. Signal and stop for a red traffic light at the marked limit line. If there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk. If there is no crosswalk, stop before entering the intersection. You may turn left into a left-moving, one-way street if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield to pedestrians, bicyclists, or other vehicles moving on their green light.

Left Turns

Review Turn Examples in Handbook

To make a right turn, Example of a right turn: drive close to the right edge of the road. If there is a bike lane, drive into the bike lane no more than 200 feet before the turn. Watch for pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists who may get 1. Do not turn wide between your vehicle and the curb. Begin signaling about 100 feet before the turn. Look over your right shoulder and reduce your speed. Stop behind the limit line. Look both ways and turn when it is safe. Do not turn wide into another lane. Complete your turn in the right lane

Right Turns

To make a U-turn, signal and use the far left lane or the center left turn lane. You may make a legal U-turn:

• Across a double yellow line when it is safe and legal.

• In a residential district:

— If there are no vehicles approaching you within 200 feet.

— Whenever a traffic sign, light, or traffic signal light protects you from approaching vehicles.

• At an intersection on a green traffic signal light or green arrow, unless a “No U-turn” sign is posted.

• On a divided highway, only if an opening is provided in the center divider.

U-Turns

Never make a U-turn:

• At or on a railroad crossing.

• On a divided highway by crossing a dividing section, curb, strip of land, or two sets of double yellow lines.

• Where you cannot see clearly 200 feet in each direction because of a curve, hill, rain, fog, or other reason.

• Where a “No U-turn” sign is posted.

• When other vehicles may hit you.

• On a one-way street.

• In front of a fire station. Never use a fire station driveway to turn your vehicle around.

• In business districts. Areas with churches, apartments, multifamily housing units, and public buildings (except schools) are also considered to be business districts. Turn only at an intersection, unless a sign prohibits it, or where openings are provided for turns.

When you park:

• On a sloping driveway, turn the wheels so the vehicle will not roll into the street if the brakes fail.

• Headed downhill, turn your front wheels into the curb

• Headed uphill, turn your front wheels away from the curb and let your vehicle roll back a few inches. The wheel should gently touch the curb. Set the parking brake.

• Headed either uphill or downhill when there is no curb, turn the wheels so the vehicle will roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail. Always set your parking brake and leave the vehicle in gear or in the “park” position.

Parking on a Hill

Parallel parking is a driving technique which allows you to park parallel to the road in line with other parked vehicles. The steps below explain how to parallel park safely.

1. Find a space. Look for a space at least 3 feet longer than your vehicle. When you find a space, signal that you intend to park.

2. Pull your vehicle alongside the space or vehicle in front of where you intend to park. Leave approximately 2 feet between the vehicle or space next to you and stop once your rear bumper is aligned to the front of the space where you want to park. Check your rearview mirror and look over your shoulder for approaching vehicles. Keep your foot on the brake and put the vehicle in reverse. Maintain the signal.

3. Lift your foot off the brake. Before backing up, check your mirrors and look over your shoulder for any hazards. Begin to back up, at approximately a 45 degree angle.

4. Straighten out. Begin turning the steering wheel away from the curb when your rear wheel is within 18 inches from the curb. You may need to pull forward and backward to straighten out. Your vehicle should now be parallel and no further than 18 inches from the curb.

Parallel Parking

Painted colored curbs have the following special parking rules:

White–Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers or mail.

Green–Park for a limited time. Look for a posted sign next to the green zone for time limits, or locate the time limit painted on the curb.

Yellow–Stop no longer than the time posted to load or unload passengers or freight. Drivers of noncommercial vehicles are usually required to stay with the vehicle.

Red–No stopping, standing, or parking (buses may stop at a red zone marked for buses).

Blue–Parking is permitted only for a disabled person or driver of a disabled person who displays a placard or special license plate for disabled persons or disabled veterans. A crosshatched (diagonal lines) area adjacent to a designated disabled parking space is a no parking area. For information or an application for disabled person parking placards or special plates, visit dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133.

Note: Placard abuse results in the loss of special parking privileges. It is also a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, imprisonment in county jail for up to 6 months, or both.

Examples of disabled person placard/plate abuse:

• Using a placard/plate after it has been reported lost or stolen without reporting that the placard/plate was found.

• Loaning your placard/plate to friends or family members (disabled or not).

• Interchanging placards with friends or family members

• Using a placard/plate when the person it was issued to is not in the vehicle with you (disabled child, family member, employer, etc.).

• Using a deceased person’s placard/plate.

Note: You must return the placard/plate of a deceased disabled person to a DMV field office or by mail

Parking at Colored Curbs

Never park or leave your vehicle:

• Where a “No Parking” sign is posted.

• On a marked or unmarked crosswalk, sidewalk, partially blocking a sidewalk, or in front of a driveway.

• Within 3 feet of a sidewalk ramp for disabled persons or in front of or on a curb that provides wheelchair access to a sidewalk.

• In a disabled person parking space, unless you are disabled and display a placard or disabled person license plates.

• In the space next to a disabled person parking space, if it is painted in a crosshatched (diagonal) pattern.

• In a space designated for parking or fueling zero emission vehicles that display an identifying decal, unless you are driving a zero emission vehicle that you will charge in the space.

• In a tunnel or on a bridge, except where permitted by signs.

• Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or fire station driveway.

• On or within 7½ feet of a railroad track.

• Between a safety zone and curb.

• “Double parked” (parking in the street when all legal parking places at

the curb are taken).

• On the wrong side of the street.

• At a red curb.

• On a freeway, except:

— In an emergency.

— When a peace officer or device requires a stop.

— Where a stop is specifically permitted.

NOTE: If you must stop on a freeway, park completely off the pavement and stay in your vehicle with the doors locked until help arrives. Leave enough space for other vehicles to freely pass your vehicle. Your vehicle should be visible for at least 200 feet in each direction. A vehicle (even if disabled) that is stopped, parked, or left standing on a freeway for more than 4 hours may be removed (eve §2265l(f))

Illegal Parking

When you park alongside a curb on a level street, the front and back wheels must be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Park parallel to the street if there is no curb.

• Never leave your vehicle while the engine or the electric motor is still running; stop the engine or the electric motor and set the parking brake.

• When you are ready to exit your vehicle, look carefully for passing vehicles, bicyclists, and motorcyclists. Do not open the door unless it is safe and you do not interfere with traffic. Do not leave the door open longer than necessary.

• Disabled people with a placard or special plates may park in any parking zone that is restricted as to the length of time parking is permitted as indicated by a sign pursuant to a local ordinance.

• Pursuant to eve §22511, a local authority, by ordinance or resolution, may designate stalls or spaces on a public street within its jurisdiction for the exclusive purpose of charging and parking a vehicle that is connected for electric charging purposes.

Special Parking Rules

Always signal when turning left or right, changing lanes, slowing down, or stopping. Signals may be given by hand-and-arm positions or using the vehicle's signal lights. If bright sunlight makes the signal lights hard to see, also use hand-and-arm signals.

Motorcyclists often use hand signals to make themselves more visible. Bicyclists may give right turn signals with their right arm held straight out, pointing right.

Signal:

• During the last 100 feet before reaching the turning point (left or right turn).

• Before every lane change. Check your mirrors, look over your shoulder, and check your blind spot before changing lanes.

• At least 5 seconds before you change lanes on a freeway.

• Before pulling next to the curb or away from the curb.

• When you change directions.

• Even when you do not see other vehicles. A vehicle you do not see may suddenly appear and hit you.

• If you plan to turn beyond an intersection. Start signaling when you are in the intersection. If you signal too early, the other driver may think you plan to turn into the intersection and they may pull out in front of you. Remember to cancel your signal after turning.

Signaling

Hand Position

If you think of the steering wheel as the face of a clock, place your hands at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. To reduce face,

arm, and hand injuries in the case of a deployed air bag, you should grip the outside of the steering wheel, with your knuckles on the outside of the wheel, and your thumbs stretched along the rim.

There is no one correct way to steer a vehicle safely, but here are a few steering methods recommended by NHTSA:

• Hand-to-Hand Steering– This steering method may also be called “push/pull” steering. Using this steering method, your hands do not

cross over the face of the steering wheel; and therefore, there is less chance of injury to your face, arms, or hands in the event of an air bag

deploying. When using this method, start with your hands at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. Depending on the direction

you are turning, one hand will push the wheel up, and the opposite hand pulls down.

• Hand-Over-Hand Steering– This method of steering can be used when turning at low speeds, parking, or recovering from a skid. When using this method, start with your hands at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock. Depending on the direction you are turning, one hand will push the wheel up, while the other hand will let go, reach across the other arm, grasp the wheel, and pull up.

• One Hand Steering– NHTSA recommends using one-hand steering only when turning while backing, or operating vehicle controls that require removing a hand from the steering wheel. The only time that a 12 o’clock hand position is recommended is when backing a vehicle while turning, as the driver must turn in their seat to see the path of the vehicle. The placement of hands on the wheel at 9 and 3 o’clock, or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock, is critical to vehicle balance.

Steering

Use Your Horn

• Only when necessary, to avoid collisions.

• To try to get “eye contact” with other drivers. You may tap your horn to alert another driver who might turn in front of you and cause a collision.

• On narrow mountain roads, where you cannot see at least 200 feet ahead of your vehicle.

Do Not Use Your Horn

• If a driver or bicyclist is moving slowly, and you want them to drive faster or get out of your way. The driver or bicyclist may not be able to safely go faster due to illness, being lost, intoxication, or mechanical problems with the vehicle.

• To alert other drivers that they made a mistake. Your honking may cause them to make more mistakes or become angry and retaliate.

• Because you may be angry or upset.

• To honk at pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists unless necessary to avoid a collision. Remember that your horn sounds much louder outside a vehicle.

Note: Honking your horn may startle other drivers. It is safer to slow down or stop instead of honking your horn.

Use Your Headlights

• If weather conditions require you to use your windshield wipers, you are required to turn on your low-beam headlights.

• Any time conditions (clouds, rain, snow, dust, smoke, fog, etc.) prevent you from seeing other vehicles.

• On small country or mountain roads, even on sunny days.

• In darkness and when visibility does not allow clear recognition of a person or vehicle from a distance of 1,000 feet.

• When the vehicle is operated from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise.

• When a regulatory (white) road sign is posted stating headlights must be on.

• To increase your vehicle’s visibility to others while driving – even on bright days and especially when the sun is low on the horizon.

Use Your Emergency Signals

If you can see a collision ahead, warn the drivers behind you by turning on your emergency flashers or tapping your brake pedal quickly 3 or 4 times. You can also use the hand signal when slowing and stopping. Never stop on the road unless necessary for safety or to obey a law. If you need to stop, start braking early as a signal to the cars behind you. If your vehicle breaks down on the road, make sure that other drivers can see it. If you experience vehicle trouble and need to stop, follow these rules:

• Pull off the road, away from all traffic, if possible.

• If you cannot get completely off the road, stop where people can see you and your vehicle from behind. Do not stop just over a hill or just around a curve.

• Turn on your emergency flashers if you are not moving. If your vehicle doesn’t have emergency flashers, turn signals may be used instead.

• If it is safe, lift the hood to signal an emergency.

• Give other drivers plenty of warning. Place emergency flares or triangles 200–300 feet behind the vehicle. This allows other drivers time to change lanes, if necessary. Be very careful when using flares. They may cause fires, especially when used near flammable liquids.

• If you do not have emergency flares, follow the rules listed above and stay in your vehicle until help arrives. Be careful for your safety and stay off the road.

Horn, Headlights, Emergency Signals

Text Messages & Phones

It is illegal to drive a motor vehicle while using a cell phone or an electronic wireless communication device to write, send, or read text messages, instant messages, and emails unless you are 18 years old or older and using a cell phone or an electronic wireless communications device designed and configured to allow voice and hands-free operation to dictate, send, or listen to text-based communications when operating a vehicle. Although hands-free devices are permitted (except for minors), drivers should minimize distractions to focus on safe driving practices.

• Call for help in emergencies only.

• If your cell phone rings, do not answer it. Let the call go to voicemail, if you have this feature.

• If you must make a call, pull safely off the road before making the call.

• Keep telephone conversations short or, if possible, have a passenger make the call.

• If you use your electronic wireless communications device:

— It must be mounted on the windshield, dashboard, or center console of the vehicle.

— It cannot hinder your view of the road.

• Use a single swipe or touch on the mounted electronic device.

Do not use your cell phone:

• During hazardous conditions.

• To engage in distracting conversations.

Suppose you are on a two-lane road with an oncoming vehicle approaching

and a bicyclist ahead to your right. Instead of driving between the vehicle

and the bicyclist, take one danger at a time. First, slow down and let the

oncoming vehicle pass. Then, when it is safe, move to the left to allow

plenty of room (at least 3 feet) to pass the bicyclist.

Following Distances

When Approaching to Pass

Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other vehicles to move into your lane. Only pass when safe to do so. You must judge whether you have enough room to pass whenever you approach:

• An oncoming vehicle. A hill or curve. An intersection. A road obstruction. A bicyclist.

Do not pass:

• If you are approaching a hill or curve and cannot see if other traffic is approaching.

• Within 100 feet of an intersection, bridge, tunnel, railroad crossing, or area that could cause concern.

How to pass:

Never drive off the paved or main-traveled portion of the road or on the shoulder to pass. The edge of the main-traveled portion of the road may have a painted white line on the road’s surface. Passing other vehicles at crossroads, railroad crossings, and driveways is dangerous.

Pass traffic on the left. You may pass on the right only when:

• An open highway is clearly marked for 2 or more lanes of travel in your direction.

• The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the roadway to pass. Never pass on the left if the driver is signaling a left turn.

• On a one-way street.

Always signal before passing. You may also lightly tap your horn, or briefly flash your lights, to let the other driver know you intend to pass. Do not pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to pull back into your lane. Avoid passing other vehicles, including motorcycles and bicycles, on two-lane roads. Every time you pass, you increase your chances of having a collision. When you pass a bicyclist, slow down and pass the bicyclist only when safe, allowing for a minimum of 3 feet between your vehicle and the bicyclist where possible. Do not squeeze the bicyclist off the road.

Returning to a Lane After Passing

Before you return to your driving lane, be sure you are not dangerously close to the vehicle you have just passed. One way to do this is to look for the vehicle in your inside rearview mirror. When you can see both headlights in your rearview mirror, you may have enough room to return to your driving lane. Do not count on having enough time to pass several vehicles at once or that other drivers will make room for you.

Being Passed

If a vehicle is passing you, or has signaled intent to pass, you should avoid accelerating and maintain your lane position to allow the vehicle to pass you. Do not accelerate or try to go faster to avoid being passed.

Passing

Braking

Large trucks take longer to stop than passenger vehicles traveling at the same speed. The average passenger vehicle traveling at 55 mph can stop within 400 feet. However, a large truck traveling at the same speed can take almost 800 feet to stop. Do not move in front of a large truck and suddenly slow down or stop. The truck driver will not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid crashing into you.

Trucker’s Blind Spots—the “No Zone”

Passenger vehicle drivers incorrectly assume that a trucker can see the road better because they are higher off the road. While truckers do have a better forward view and bigger

mirrors, they still have large blind spots or “NO ZONES” where your vehicle can disappear from a truck driver’s view. If you stay in those blind spots, you block the trucker’s ability to take evasive action to avoid a dangerous situation. Generally speaking, if you cannot see the truck driver in their side mirror, they cannot see you.

Turning

When a vehicle makes a turn, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. The longer the vehicle, the greater the difference in the turning path. This is why big rig drivers must often swing wide to complete a right turn. When you follow a big rig, look at its turn signals before you start to pass. If the truck appears to be turning left, check the turn signals again; the driver may actually be turning right but first swinging wide.

Maneuverability

Trucks are not as maneuverable as passenger vehicles. Large trucks have longer stopping and starting distances. They take more space for turns and weigh more. When no signs are posted, these vehicles must be driven in the right traffic lane or as close as possible to the right edge of the roadway. On a divided highway with 4 or more traffic lanes in one direction, these vehicles may also be driven in the lane just to the left of the right lane. Avoid these mistakes when driving around large trucks:

• Cutting off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach an exit or turn. Cutting into the open space in front of a truck is dangerous. Slow down and take your turn entering the construction zone. Do not speed up to pass a truck, so you can exit the roadway. Take a moment to slow down and exit behind a truck.

• Lingering alongside a truck when passing. Always pass a large truck on the left side, and after you pass the truck, move ahead of it. Otherwise, you make it very difficult, if not impossible, for the trucker to take evasive action if an obstacle appears in the road ahead.

• When you follow so closely behind a truck that you cannot see the truck driver’s side view mirrors, the trucker cannot see you and has no way of knowing you are there.

Tailgating a truck, or any vehicle, is dangerous because you decrease your own safety distance if the vehicle in front of you stops quickly.

• Underestimating the size and speed of an approaching tractortrailer. A large tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed because of its large size. Many collisions involving a passenger vehicle and large truck occur at intersections, when the passenger vehicle’s driver did not realize how close the truck was or how fast it was traveling.

Large Trucks (Big Rigs) and Recreational

Vehicles (RVs)

Do not drive through a safety zone, which is a space set aside for pedestrians, marked by raised buttons or markers on a roadway. When people are boarding or leaving a streetcar or trolley where there is no safety zone, stop behind the vehicle’s nearest door or vehicle platform and

wait until the people have reached a safe place. When a bus, streetcar, or trolley is stopped at a safety zone or at an intersection where traffic is

controlled by a peace officer or traffic signal light, you may pass at no more than 10 mph. Do not overtake and pass any light-rail vehicle or streetcar on the left side, whether it is moving or standing.

Exceptions:

• When you are on a one-way street.

• When the tracks are so close to the right side that you cannot pass on the right.

• When a traffic officer directs you to pass on the left.

Light-Rail Vehicles

Light-rail vehicles have the same rights and responsibilities on public roadways as other vehicles. Although everyone must follow the same traffic laws, light-rail vehicles require exceptional handling ability because of their size.

Safely share the road with light-rail vehicles by:

• Being aware of where light-rail vehicles operate. Buildings, trees, etc.,cause blind spots for the trolley operator.

• Never turning in front of an approaching light-rail vehicle.

• Maintaining a safe distance from the light-rail vehicle if it shares a street with vehicular traffic.

• Looking for approaching light-rail vehicles before you turn across the tracks. Complete your turn only if a traffic signal light indicates you may proceed.

Buses, Streetcars, and Trolleys

You must yield the right-of-way to any police vehicle, fire engine, ambulance, or other emergency vehicle using a siren and red lights. Drive to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle(s) have passed. However, never stop in an intersection. If you are in an intersection when you see an emergency vehicle, continue through the intersection, and then drive to the right as soon as it is safe and stop.

Emergency vehicles often use the wrong side of the street to continue on their way. They sometimes use a loudspeaker to talk to drivers blocking their path. You must obey any traffic direction, order, or signal given by a traffic or peace officer, or a firefighter even if it conflicts with existing signs, signals, or laws.

It is against the law to follow within 300 feet behind any fire engine, police vehicle, ambulance, or other emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights (CVC §21706).

If you drive for sight-seeing purposes to the scene of a fire, collision, or other disaster, you may be arrested. Casual observers interfere with the essential services of police, firefighter, ambulance crews, or other rescue or emergency personnel.

Emergency Vehicles

Slow-Moving Vehicles

Farm tractors, animal-drawn carts, and road maintenance vehicles usually travel 25 mph or less. Slowmoving vehicles have an orange/red triangle on the back of the vehicles.

– Other types of slow-moving motorized vehicles, such as wheelchairs, scooters, neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), and golf carts may legally operate on public roads less than 35 mph. Vehicles proceeding at a speed less than the flow of traffic and moving on a two-lane highway where passing is unsafe, must turn off the roadway at the nearest place designated as a turnout or wherever sufficient area for

a safe turnout exists, if a line of 5 or more vehicles forms behind them.

Animal-Drawn Vehicles

Horse-drawn vehicles and riders of horses or other animals are entitled to share the road with motor vehicles. It is a traffic offense to scare horses or stampede livestock. Slow down or stop, if necessary, or when requested to do so by the riders or herders.

Slow Moving Vehicles

Motorcycles

Motorcyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile drivers. Motorcyclists can do many things to increase their chances of being seen by drivers and other road users, including:

• Wearing a bright-colored jacket, vest, and helmet.

• Wearing reflective material on helmets and clothes.

• Always using turn signals when planning to change lanes or turn.

• Flashing their brake lights before slowing down to help others notice the motorcycle.

• Avoiding blind spots of other vehicles and not lingering between vehicles when lane splitting.

• Using high beam headlights during daylight hours.

Follow these rules to respect the right-of-way and safely share the road with motorcyclists:

• When you change lanes or enter a major thoroughfare, make a visual check in addition to using your mirrors. Motorcycles are small and can

easily disappear into a vehicle’s blind spots.

• Allow a 4 second following distance. If the motorcyclist brakes suddenly or falls off the motorcycle, you will need this space to avoid hitting

them.

• Whenever possible, allow the motorcycle a full lane width. Although it is not illegal to share lanes with motorcycles, it can potentially be unsafe.

• Never try to pass a motorcycle in the same lane you are sharing with them.

• Whenever possible, move to one side of your lane to give motorcyclists ample room to pass.

• When you make a turn, check for motorcyclists and gauge their speed before turning to avoid a possible collision.

• Look carefully for motorcyclists before opening doors next to moving traffic or before turning right.

• Different road conditions, like potholes, gravel, wet or slippery surfaces, pavement seams, railroad crossings, and grooved pavement, can cause

motorcyclists to change speed or direction suddenly.

Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as vehicle and motorcycle drivers, including:

• Obeying all traffic signs and signal lights.

• Riding in the same direction as traffic.

• Signaling when changing lanes or turning.

• Yielding to pedestrians.

• Wearing a helmet (if under 18 years old).

• Allowing faster traffic to pass when safe.

• Staying visible (for example, never weave between parked vehicles).

• Riding as near to the right curb or edge of the roadway as practicable.

Intersections with special lanes:

• Not riding on the sidewalk, unless allowed by the city where you’re riding.

• Making left and right turns in the same way drivers do, using the same turn lanes. If the bicyclist is traveling straight ahead, they should use a through traffic lane rather than ride next to the curb and block traffic making right turns.

During darkness, bicyclists should avoid wearing dark clothing and must have the following equipment:

• A front lamp emitting a white light visible from a distance of 300 feet.

• A rear red reflector or a solid or flashing red light with a built in reflector that is visible from a distance of 500 feet.

• A white or yellow reflector on each pedal or the bicyclist’s shoes or ankles visible from a distance of 200 feet.

• A white or yellow reflector on the front wheel, white or red reflector on the rear wheel, or reflectorized tires.

Bicyclists have the right to operate on the road and may:

• Lawfully be permitted to ride on certain sections of freeways where there is no alternate route and bicycling is not forbidden by a sign.

• Move left to avoid hazards such as parked or moving vehicles, bicycles, animals, or debris.

• Choose to ride near the left curb or edge of a one-way street.

Bicycles in Travel Lanes

Bicyclists traveling slower than the flow of traffic must ride as close as practicable to the right curb or edge of the roadway except in the following situations:

• Passing a vehicle or another bicycle in the same direction.

• Preparing to make a left turn at an intersection, into a private road, or at a driveway.

• When necessary to avoid a hazard or road condition (for example pedestrians, animals, or surface hazards).

• When a lane is too narrow for a bicycle and vehicle to travel safely side-by-side within the lane.

• When approaching a right turn.

• If the roadway is a one-way road with two or more lanes. In this case, a bicyclist may ride near the left curb or edge of roadway as practicable. With any slow-moving vehicle or bicycle, drivers should follow at a safe distance and, when it is safe, the bicyclist should move to a position that allows vehicles to pass. Passing a bicyclist that is in the travel lane at a safe distance may require changing into another lane, passing safely

Bicycles

Others

Water on the Road

Slow down when there is a lot of water on the road. In a heavy rain at speeds of 50 mph or more, your tires can lose all contact with the road and then your vehicle will be riding on water or “hydroplaning.” A slight change of direction, applying the brakes, or a gust of wind could throw your vehicle into a skid. If your vehicle starts to hydroplane, slow down gradually—do not apply the brakes.

Slippery Roads

Slow down at the first sign of rain, especially after a dry spell. This is when many roads are the most slippery, because oil and dust have not washed away. Adjust your speed as follows:

• Wet road–Go 5 to 10 mph slower.

• Packed snow–Reduce your speed by half.

• Ice–Slow to a crawl.

High Winds

High winds can be a hazard while driving, especially to larger vehicles. Some precautions for driving in high winds include:

• Reducing your speed, Maintaining a firm hand position on the steering wheel, Being alert. Look well ahead and watch for any debris on the road,.Not using cruise control.

Driving in Fog or Heavy Smoke

The best advice for driving in the fog or heavy smoke is DON’T. However, if you must drive, then drive slow, turn on your windshield wipers, and use your low-beam headlights. The light from the high-beam headlights will reflect back and cause glare. Never drive with just your parking or fog lights. Increase your following distance and be prepared to stop within the space you can see ahead. Avoid crossing or passing lanes of traffic unless absolutely necessary. Listen for traffic you cannot see. Use your wipers and defroster as necessary for best vision. If the fog becomes so thick that you can barely see, consider pulling off the roadway, activating your emergency signal lights, and waiting until the weather improves.

Driving With Sun Glare

• Keep the inside and outside of your windshield clean, Make sure your windshield wipers areworking and your wiper fluid level is full, Wear polarized sunglasses, Maintain enough space between your vehicle and the vehicles around you. Your car visor should also be free of anything that would restrict use and be in good working order, Be extra cautious of pedestrians, Try to avoid driving during sunrise and sunset.

Driving in Darkness

Night driving is more difficult and hazardous than daytime driving. Make sure you can stop within the distance lighted by your headlights. Use your low-beam headlights at night when it rains. Do not drive using only your parking lights. Use your high-beam headlights whenever possible in open country or dark city streets, as long as it is not illegal. Do not blind the driver of an oncoming vehicle with your high-beam headlights. Dim your lights when necessary. If another vehicle’s lights are bright:

• Do not look directly into the oncoming headlights, Look toward the right edge of your lane, Watch the oncoming vehicle out of the corner of your eye, Do not try to “get back” at the other driver by keeping your bright lights on. If you do, both of you may be blinded.

Driving in Rain or Snow

Slow down at the first sign of rain, drizzle, or snow on the road. Turn on your windshield wipers, low-beam headlights, and defroster. In a heavy rainstorm or snowstorm, you may not be able to see more than 100 feet ahead of your vehicle. When you cannot see any farther than 100 feet, you cannot safely drive faster than 30 mph. If you drive in snowy areas, carry the correct number of chains and be sure they will fit your drive wheels. Learn how to put the chains on before you need to use them.

Driving Hazards

Flooded Roadways

Excessive water on a roadway may cause flooding. This can happen gradually or suddenly. Flooding is dangerous and can be life threatening. Some ofthe dangers of a flooded roadway include:

• The vehicle being swept off the road, Floating debris and unseen hazards, The roadway collapsing, Vehicle malfunction, Electrocution if accompanied by fallen power lines.

It is best to find an alternate route if you encounter a flooded roadway. It may not be possible to determine the depth of the flood by looking; If you have no other option but to drive through a flooded roadway, be sure to drive slowly. Once you have safely navigated through the water, slowly and carefully check your brakes to ensure that they function correctly.

Driving in Hill Country or Curves

When you come to a hill or curve, slow down so you can stop for any hazard. Any time your view is blocked by a hill or a curve, assume there is another vehicle ahead of you. Only pass the vehicle if a hill or curve is at least 1/3 of a mile away, because you need at least that much room to pass safely. Do not drive on the left side of the road when coming to a curve or the top of a hill, because you cannot see far enough ahead to know if it is safe to pass.

Traffic Breaks

Traffic breaks are used by law enforcement to:

• Slow or stop traffic to remove hazards from the roadway.

• Conduct emergency operations.

• Prevent traffic collisions in heavy fog or unusually heavy traffic.

During a traffic break, the officer turns the rear emergency lights on, slows the vehicle, and drives across the lanes of traffic in a serpentine manner. To assist the officer in conducting a traffic break:

• Activate your emergency flashers to warn other drivers there is a hazard ahead.

• Slowly begin to decrease your speed. Slow to the same speed as the officer while keeping a safe distance from the patrol vehicle ahead of you.

• Do not attempt to drive past the patrol vehicle. Do not accelerate until the patrol vehicle has turned off its emergency lights and traffic conditions ahead allow the traffic to return to normal speeds.

Clean Windows and Mirrors

Keep your mirrors, windshield, and side windows clean inside and outside. Bright sun or headlights on a dirty window make it hard to see out. Clear off ice, frost, or dew from all windows before you drive. If you drive in rain or snow, you may have to stop to remove mud or snow off your windshield, mirrors, headlights, and taillights.

Driving Hazards 2

Adjust Seat and Mirrors

Adjust your seat before you put on your seat belt. You should sit high enough to see the road. Adjust your rear and side view mirrors before you start driving. If your vehicle has a day/night mirror, learn how to use it. The night setting reduces the headlight glare from the cars behind you and helps you see well.

Tire Safety

Tires are an important part of driving safety. Here are a few simple tips to help you maintain your tires:

• Look for any tears or bulges on the sidewall of the tire, check the tread depth, and ensure your tire pressure is within the proper range by referring to the owner’s manual or the pounds per square inch (PSI) indicator within the inside edge of the vehicle door.

• You can use a penny to check the tread on your tire.

— Hold the penny so you can see Abraham Lincoln’s head. You should hold the coin between your fingers so his head is facing you and completely visible.

— Place the coin, with the head pointing down, into the deepest groove of your tire tread. If his head is completely visible, your tires need to be replaced.

Green Driving

The following are a few easy-to-remember activities that you can use for green driving:

• Behavior–Accelerate and slow down smoothly, and maintain a steady average speed.

• Maintenance–Keep your vehicle in good shape by regularly inflating tires, getting oil changes, and checking filters.

• Weight–Get rid of extra weight in your vehicle by clearing out the trunk, or removing luggage racks from the roof.

Other Dangers

You can prevent carbon monoxide poisoning by having the exhaust system checked regularly. Also, leave the window partially open when starting the engine, while driving the vehicle, or when running the engine while parked. Never run the engine with your garage door closed.

Driving Hazards 3

What a Driver Should Do During an Enforcement Stop

• Acknowledge the officer’s presence by turning on your right turn

signal.

• Move your vehicle to the right shoulder of the road.
• On a freeway, move completely onto the right shoulder, even if you’re

in the carpool/HOV lane.

• End your cell phone conversation and turn off your radio.
• Remain inside your vehicle unless otherwise directed by the officer.
• Place your hands in clear view, including all passengers’ hands, such

as on the steering wheel, on top of your lap, etc

Getting pulled over

Skids on Slippery Surfaces

Ice and packed snow on the road can cause your vehicle to skid, especially if you are driving too fast or going downhill. If you start to skid:

• Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal.

• Stop braking.

• Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.

If you cannot control your vehicle on a slippery surface, try to find something to stop the skid. Try to get a wheel on dry pavement or on the shoulder of the road. You may have to edge slowly into a snow bank or bushes to stop the vehicle.

To prevent skidding on slippery surfaces:

• Drive slowly and stay farther behind the vehicle ahead of you.

• Slow down as you approach curves and intersections.

• Avoid fast turns.

• Avoid quick stops. “Pump” the brakes to slow or stop (do not pump anti-lock brakes).

• Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill.

• Avoid especially slippery areas, such as ice patches, wet leaves, oil, or deep puddles.

If the brakes get wet, dry them by lightly pressing the accelerator (gas) and brake pedals at the same time so that the vehicle drives against the pressure of the brakes.

Driving Off the Pavement

If your wheels drift off the pavement, grip the steering wheel firmly, ease your foot off the accelerator (gas) pedal, and brake gently. Check for traffic behind you, gently steer back onto the pavement. Do not pull or turn your steering wheel suddenly; this may cause you to drive into oncoming traffic.

Acceleration Skids

An acceleration skid usually happens when the drive wheels lose traction on the road surface. To maintain control of a skidding vehicle, do not apply the brakes. Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal and straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten itself out.

Locked Wheel Skids

This type of skid is usually caused by braking too hard at a high rate of speed and locking the wheels. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel is turned. Take your foot off the brake to unlock the wheels. Then, straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten out. If your vehicle is not equipped with anti-lock brakes and you enter a locked wheel skid, step on the brake gradually until you are at a safe speed to continue driving. However, if you press the brake pedal and it sinks to the floor, quickly pump the brake pedal to build pressure. As you’re pumping the brakes, down shift your vehicle into a lower gear or neutral to slow down. Then try using your emergency or parking brake to stop. Slow the vehicle gradually until you are at a safe speed to continue driving.

Accelerator Malfunction

If your accelerator becomes stuck, you should:

1. Shift to neutral.

2. Apply the brakes.

3. Keep your eyes on the road.

4. Look for an alternate route away from traffic or look for a way out.

5. Warn other drivers by honking and turning on your emergency lights.

6. Try to drive the car safely off the road.

7. Stop and then turn off the i

Handling Emergencies

Involved in a Collision

If you are involved in a collision:

• You must stop. Someone could be injured and need your help. If you do not stop, you may be convicted of “hit and run” and could be severely punished.

• Call 9-1-1 if anyone is hurt.

• Move your vehicle out of the traffic lane if no one is injured or killed.

• Show your DL, vehicle registration card, evidence of financial responsibility, and current address to the other driver, persons involved, and peace officer.

• You (or your insurance agent, broker, or legal representative) must make a written report to the police or California Highway Patrol (CHP) within 24 hours of the collision if someone is killed or injured.

• You (or your insurance agent, broker, or legal representative) must make a written report to DMV within 10 days.

• If you hit a parked vehicle or other property, leave a note with your name, phone number, and address in or securely attached to the vehicle or property you hit. Report the collision to the city police, or in unincorporated areas, to CHP.

• If your parked car rolls away and hits another vehicle, try to find the owner and report the incident to authorities as mentioned above.

• If you kill or injure an animal, call the nearest humane society, police, or CHP. Do not try to move an injured animal or leave an injured animal to die.

Reporting a Collision

When you have a collision, report it to DMV within 10 days if:

• More than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person.

• Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed.

Each driver (or the driver’s insurance agent, broker, or legal representative) must file a report with DMV using the Report of Traffic Accident Occurring in California (SR 1) form. Go online at dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 to ask for the SR 1 form. The CHP or police will not make this report for you. You or your representative must make this report whether or not you caused the collision, even if the collision occurred on private property.

Your driving privilege will be suspended:

• If you do not make this report.

• For up to 4 years, if you did not have proper insurance coverage, regardless of who was at fault. During the last 3 years of the suspension, your DL can be returned to you if you provide a California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22/SR 1P) and maintain it during the 3-year period.

Collisions

According to the CHP, if your vehicle becomes disabled on the freeway:

• Safely pull to the right shoulder.

• If you must exit the vehicle, exit on the right side of your vehicle, away from traffic.

• Once you arrange for assistance, return to your vehicle, get back into the vehicle from the right side (away from traffic), and put on your seat belt.

• Stay inside your vehicle with the seat belt on until help arrives. In certain circumstances (when there is not enough shoulder space or if there is a guardrail or area to safely stay away from the freeway lanes), exit your vehicle and stay away from your vehicle. Use your emergency blinking lights at your discretion according to weather conditions. The lights may be helpful, but they could also attract drunk drivers. The CHP Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) provides free emergency roadside services during commute periods. Call 5-1-1 for FSP information and assistance. If FSP cannot start your vehicle, it will be towed free of charge to a location approved by CHP. FSP will also contact additional assistance for you. CHP will notify an auto club or towing service.

If you get stuck on the freeway because your vehicle stops running, FSP will:

• Offer you a gallon of gas if you run out.

• “Jump start” your vehicle if the battery is dead.

• Refill your radiator and tape hoses.

• Change a flat tire.

• Report any collision to CHP.

The FSP program will not:

• Tow your vehicle to a private repair service or residence.

• Recommend tow service companies or repair and body shops.

• Tow motorcycles.

• Assist vehicles that have been involved in a collision unless directed by the CHP.

On Railroad Tracks

If your vehicle stalls or is otherwise disabled while blocking any part of the train tracks, there is no accident or injury, and:

• The warning lights are flashing/train is approaching—immediately exit your vehicle, run in a 45 degree angle away from the tracks in the direction that the train is coming, and then dial 9-1-1. You may only have 20 seconds to escape before the train arrives.

• The warning lights are not flashing/you do not

see a train approaching—exit your vehicle and immediately dial the Emergency Notification System (ENS) number located on the railroad crossing posts or metal control box near the tracks. Provide the location, crossing number (if posted), and the road or highway that intersects the tracks. Be sure to specify that a vehicle is on the tracks. After you call ENS, call 9-1-1.

Safety Tips

Hearing

The sound of horns, a siren, or screeching tires can warn you of danger. Sometimes you can hear a vehicle but cannot see it, especially if it is in your blind spots. It is against the law to wear a headset or earplugs in both ears while driving.

Fatigued or Drowsy Driving

Fatigue or drowsiness can affect your vision and increase reaction time to hazards. Avoid driving if you are fatigued or drowsy. The following will not prevent drowsy driving:

• Rolling down the window.

• Drinking/eating caffeine or sugar.

• Turning on or turning up the radio.

• Turning on the air conditioning.

The following will prevent drowsy driving:

• Getting enough sleep before driving, and not driving until rested.

• Driving with a passenger, and switching drivers when you start to feel drowsy.

• Taking regular rest stops even if you are not tired.

• Calling a ride service or friend to take you to your destination.

Medications

Remember that all medications, prescription or over-the-counter, are potentially dangerous and can impair your driving. Over-the-counter medicines that you take for colds and allergies can make you drowsy and affect your driving ability. If you must take medication before driving, find out the effects of the medication from your physician or pharmacist. It is your responsibility to know the effects of the medications you take.

Before you decide to drive, do not:

• Mix medications, unless directed by your physician.

• Take medications prescribed for someone else.

• Mix alcohol with your medications (prescribed or over-the-counter)

Driver Readiness

The use of any drug (the law does not distinguish between prescription, over-the-counter, or illegal drugs) that impairs your ability to drive safely is illegal.

It is illegal to drink any amount of alcohol, or smoke or ingest any cannabis product while driving or riding as a passenger in a motor vehicle. A container of alcohol carried inside the vehicle must be full, sealed, and unopened. An open container of alcohol must be kept in the trunk of the vehicle or a place where passengers do not sit. Keeping an open container of alcohol in the glove compartment is specifically against the law. In addition, the law prohibits the possession of an open container of cannabis or cannabis product when operating a motor vehicle.

It is illegal for any person to operate a vehicle with a BAC of:

• 0.08% or higher, if the person is 21 years old or older.

• 0.01% or higher, if the person is under 21 years old.

When you drive in California, you consent to have your breath, blood or, under certain circumstances, urine tested if you are arrested for DUI of alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both.

*DUIs can jeopardize your job.

Drugs and Alcohol