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LESSON 3: NON-DIGITAL AND DIGITAL SKILLS AND TOOLS IN DELIVERING TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LESSONS

Information Communication Technology (ICT) Resources

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES

Digital

Resources

Non-Digital and Digital Skills and Tools in Delivering Technology-Enhanced Lessons serve as guide for every teacher on what to teach and how to teach.

DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES

Digital Resources

  • Digital resources are those materials that require computer access whether through a personal computer or a hand held mobile device.
  • In theory, digital learning appears to be something extremely beneficial to all schools and students.

Digital learning resources can include the use of the following:

1. Digital camera

2. Laptop/Computer

3. Data Projector

4. IPod

Digital resources are usually referred to databases, books, journals, newspapers, magazines, archives, theses, conference papers, government papers, research reports, scripts, and monographs in a digital form .

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES

MULTIMEDIA

MULTIMEDIA

Posada Prieto (2012) suggests the creation of rich material, not just with pictures and text, but with movement, simulations, and higher interactivity.

INTERACTIVE

INTERACTIVE

Posada Prieto (2012) explains that resources with an interactive nature can engage learners and motivate them to access and manipulate content more frequently.

ACCESSIBILITY

ACCESSIBILITY

Posada Prieto (2012) suggests three level of accessibility:

1. General for students with special needs.

2. Functional for all students, and 3. Technological so that there is no special technology is needed to access them.

FLEXIBILITY

FLEXIBILITY

Posada Prieto (2012) explains that digital resources must be accessible in different context in the classroom, online, offline, etc.

DIVISIBILITY

DIVISIBILITY

According to Posada Prieto (2012), teachers must be able to divide content, assess its effectiveness, be able to reuse it.

PORTABILITY

PORTABILITY

Posada Prieto (2012) insists that digital resources must be portable to increase student’s interaction with them.

ADVANTAGES

1. Engagement

2. Time

3. Location

4. Pacing

5. Individualization

6. Content

7. Sharing

8. Data

9. Ownership

10. Parent involvement

DISADVANTAGES

1. Infrastructure

2. More of the same

3. Old paradigms

4. Management and scheduling

5. Preparation & development

6. Obsolesce

7. Interoperability

8. Security and cheating

Non - Digital Resources

NON-DIGITAL RESOURCES

Non - Digital Resources

Non digital learning resources are still apparent in literacy classes today such as hand-outs which can be used to provide learners with data and facts.

These sheets can be worked on as part of a group or individually as learners are able to work on their writing and reading skills as part of an activity and encourages learner’s feedback.

There are many different forms of hand-outs such as; worksheets, operation sheets, assignment sheets etc.

A classroom will always need a chalkboard or a writing board that may come in varied forms and shapes. Bulletin boards, flip charts, dioramas, puppets, terrarium, and the like, will always find their significance in any classrooms.

In addition

  • Instructional materials are the supplementary materials, which help the teacher to make his/her presentation concrete, effective, interesting, meaningful and aspiring.
  • Instructional materials are a great help in stimulating and facilitating the learning of the learners.

• Drawings

• Kits textbooks

• Posters

• Magazines

• Flip chart

• Newspapers

• Diorama

• Pictures

• Recording videos

Examples of instructional materials

NAME

Reece, I & Walker, S (2003) make clear that non digital teaching resources such as boards are the most popular and useful visual aid as they are quick and easy to use and available in 99% teaching accommodation.

Non-Digital Learning Resources

• White board

• Flip chart

• Paper

• Hand outs

DISADVANTAGES

OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

  • Cost
  • Quality
  • Training

Review

ADVANTAGE OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

  • Relevance
  • Reputation
  • Flexibility

Advantages

and

Disadvantages

3.They help to overcome the limited classroom by making the inaccessible accessible;

4. They provide a common experience upon which late learning can be developed;

2.They ensure better retention, thus making learning more permanent;

Roles in teaching and learning which include the following:

1.They promote meaningful communication and effective learning;

5. They encourage participation especially if students are allowed to manipulate materials used.

Non - Digital Resources

GUIDELINES

when designing conventional instructional materials;

1. Unity - Use only one idea for each visual aid include a headline.

2. Simplicity - Make ideas and relationships simply and easy to recall.

3. Legibility - Make letters big and readable for all in the audience.

4. Consistency - Use the same type style and art style.

5. Clarity - Avoid type that is too small to read; avoid all caps.

ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR SELECTING RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE DIGITAL AND NON-DIGITAL RESOURCES

ASSESSMENT TOOLS

  • Appropriate technology in an educational setting should therefore be assessed for its potential to meet educational aims. The full potential of educational technology is only realized when it supports creativity and critical thinking. In order to better understand how to evaluate the appropriateness of educational technology, it is important to identify what educational aims are, what educational technology is and how appropriate educational technology should be defined.

  • Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

  • Education will have to adapt in order to be able to fully embrace digital technology. Indeed, most schools are now only just starting to fully integrate digital applications into their ICT curriculums, much less the curriculum as a whole and are therefore not adequately preparing students for ICTs in real world contexts.

EDMODO

Edmodo is an educational tool that connects teachers and students, and is assimilated into a social network.

DIGITAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS

SOCRATIVE

Socrative is a system that allows teachers to create exercises or educational games which students can solve using mobile devices, whether smartphones, laptops, or tablets.

CLASSDOJO

ClassDojo is a tool to improve student behavior: teachers provide their students with instant feedback so that good disposition in class is 'rewarded' with points and students have a more receptive attitude towards the learning process.

STORYBIRD

Storybird aims to promote writing and reading skills in students through storytelling.

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KAHOOT!

Kahoot is an educational platform that is based on games and questions. Kahoot promotes game-based learning, which increases student engagement and creates a dynamic, social, and fun educational environment.

PREZI

According to Prezi, “creating, giving, and tracking beautiful interactive presentations is as easy as 1,2,3” with their cloud-based presentation software.

MENTIMETER

Build interactive presentations with the easy-to-use online editor. Add questions, polls, quizzes, slides, images, gifs and more to your presentation to create fun and engaging presentations.

GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Google Classroom is a powerful community based social tool for learning. It allows students to post questions and receive answers from their teachers and fellow students.

DIORAMA

It will make the classroom to be creative and innovative. It is a fun way to build an exciting scene a small space. Dioramas are small scenes created of layers of materials, all depicting a similar concept or theme. They usually display a historical time period, a nature scene, or a fictional situation.

NON - DIGITAL TOOLS

NATURE TABLE

This is a table that contains objects and/or scenes related to the current season, or upcoming festival or a symbol of an ecosystem. Children love to follow the natural changes that the world offers each month and classroom decorations reflect these.

WRITING BOARD

A writing board can display information written with chalk (chalkboard or blackboard) or special pens (whiteboard).Although there are usually more effective methods of transmitting information, the writing board is still the most commonly used visual aid.

ZIGZAG BOARD

FLIP CHART

It is a multi-board series of three or four rectangular boards. They are joined together along the sides by hinges so that they can be easily folded up and carried. Each board can be of a different type, for example, a whiteboard, a chalkboard, a flannel board and so on. The size of the boards for the zigzag multi-board depends on what you want to use them for.

It is a large tablet or pad of paper, usually on a tripod or a stand.

WALL DISPLAY

Displaying items on a classroom wall is a well-known, tried and tested educational method. A wall display is a collection of many different types of items and materials put up on a wall to make an interesting and informative display. In a classroom, the display can consist of the students' own work. In development work it can be used to convey information to the community.

ROPE and POLE display board

This board consists of two parallel, horizontal poles tied loosely together with rope. Visual aids such as posters can be pinned to the rope. This kind of display board is invaluable where there are few solid walls for displaying information. It has no solid backing and can be made quickly for teaching, training and when working with community.

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