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Harvard Referencing HE Policing compact
15
Linking evidence to your work
Harvard Referencing
Today's session:
Why, When and What to Reference
Need help?
Please make an
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tracey.white@
colchester.ac.uk
How to use in-text
references
How to produce a reference list for a range of sources
+ Examples to Practice
Why, When and What..
Harvard Referencing
In-text
Bibliography
Why?
Why reference your work?
Strengthens your arguments
Including evidence supports your arguments or viewpoints.
Use a reference to evidence an alternative opinion.
Better Marks?
Referencing demonstrates the work and effort you make by listing the wide range of quality sources you have used.
Good referencing makes it easier for tutors to check your work when marking.
Avoid Plagiarism
Failure to show where you have used someone else's ideas or work in your assignment is a serious academic offence.
Quality Check?
When?
When to include a reference?
OR
Direct Quote/Copy something
Using Ideas / facts
Paraphrase or change something into your own words
You must provide a reference for the source of anything you use which has been created by somebody else.
What?
Journal articles
Books (including e-books)
Websites
What to reference..
Reports
YouTube
Acts of Parliament
Examples of these items later..
In-text: what to include
Part 1: In-text
Up to 2
Author or Editor Surname
OR
Organisation name
(Green, 2018)
or
Year information was published
(Green and Jones, 2017)
In-text reference
Reference list
Close paraphrasing,
specific point etc.?
Add a page number
: 3 after a colon
No author/editor?
organisation name?
No date?
Use this year or no date.
Considerations
3 or more authors?
use et al., ('and others')
after 1st author details
2 sources by same author in same year
letter after year 2014a
Formats....
The in-text reference must lead to the correct reference in the reference list.
Format
Intelligence-led policing incorporates decisions based on patterns and trends in crime to adopt a proactive approach (Joyce and Laverick, 2021).
Joyce and Laverick (2021) state that intelligence-led policing incorporates decisions based on patterns and trends in crime to adopt a proactive approach.
Davies et al. (2017) suggest the way that crime, victimization and social harm are portrayed in the media has a powerful influence on public opinion.
For direct quotes or if you want to direct reader to something specific (paraphrasing), add "double quotation marks" around the quote and page number, after a colon
"Media representations contribute to shaping what the issues of crime, criminal victimization and social harm 'mean' to people" (Davies et al., 2017: 3).
Longer quotes should be indented to make them stand out
Secondary Reference?
Sometimes you may want to make reference to some original work mentioned in a source you have read, but you haven't seen the original work.
Add cited in to your in-text reference
Cohen, 1972 cited in Davies et al., 2017:3
Add a page number
Just add full detail of Davies et al to your reference list
Activity
Secondary Reference - Have a go at the in-text reference for this..
Here is the section in Joyce and Laverick that I want to secondary reference:
Here is the reference list in Joyce and Laverick:
Page 115
This book was published in 2021
In-text Reference could be:
Walton and Faulkner (2019 cited in Joyce and Laverick, 2021: 115) suggested that…
Answer
Reference List:
ONLY include the book you have read:
Joyce, P. and Laverick, W. (2021) Policing: development & contemporary practice, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
Part 2: Reference List/Bibliography
Part 2: Reference List
The Bibliography is a list of sources that you have referenced in your work (used arguments from, paraphrased or directly quoted from).
Be Consistent
Alphabetical order -
author/editor surname or Organisation
One list for all types of sources
References will look different depending on the type of source they are
All author/editors surnames and initials (include (ed./s) if editors)
Title (emphasised): subtitle
Year published
Joyce, P. (2018) Criminology and Criminal Justice: a study guide, 2nd edition,
Abingdon: Routledge.
Books
Edition number (only needed if not first edition)
Place of publication: publisher
In-text: Joyce, 2018
Have a go at referencing this book
Activity
Book:
Davis, R., Lurigo, A. and Herman, S. (eds) (2013) Victims of Crime, 4th edition, London: Sage.
Answer
Author/s of Chapter
(date of publication)
'Title of Chapter'. In:
All editors include (ed./s)
Book Chapter
Martin, D. and Tong, S. (2016) ‘Challenges and changes in policing research’. In: Brunger, M., Tong, S. and Martin, D. (eds) Introduction to Policing Research: taking lessons from practice,
2nd edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Place of publication: publisher
Edition number?
In-text: Martin and Tong, 2013
Article author/s surnames & initials
(Year published)
'Article title'
Journal Article
Olver, K. and Cobain, E. (2021) ‘Professionals' views on responding to county lines-related criminal exploitation in the West Midlands., UK', Child Abuse Review 30 (4), 347-362.
Page numbers
Journal title (in italics)
Volume & Issue/part no./publication date
In-text: Olver and Cobain, 2021
Try Referencing this Journal article
British Journal of Criminology
Click to edit text
Activity
Article:
Jennings, W., Gray, E., Hay, C., and Farrall, S. (2015) 'Collating longitudinal data on crime, victimization and social attitudes in England and Wales: a new resources for exploring long-term trends in crime', British Journal of Criminology 55, 1005–1015.
Answer
Author/Organisation/Title of webpage
Title of webpage in italics
(Year published)
Website
Police Foundation (2022) Strategic review of policing in England and Wales? [Online]. Available from:
https://www.policingreview.org.uk/ [Accessed 10 November 2022].
[Online].Available from: Web address
[Date accessed]
In-text: Police Foundation, 2022
Try Referencing this website
Activity
https://www.college.police.uk/guidance/neighbourhood-crime
Websites:
College of Policing (2022) Neighbourhood crime [Online]. Available from: https://www.college.police.uk/guidance/neighbourhood-crime [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Answer
Author, Editor or Organisation
Title (in italics)
Publication year
Online Report
Police Foundation (2022) A New Mode of Protection: Redesigning Policing and Public Safety for the 21st Century, the final report of the Strategic Review of Policing in England and Wales
[Online]. Available from: https://www.policingreview.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/srpew_final_report.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2022].
[Online]: Available from: web address
[Date accessed]
In-text: Police Foundation, 2022
[Online]. Available from: web address
Title of act including year, chapter no. in italics
Equality Act 2010, c. 15 [Online]. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Act of Parliament
[Date accessed]
In-text: Equality Act 2010
Title of video,
date posted
Creator/Creating organisation posting video
(year posted)
You Tube Video
College of Policing (2022) What is the SARA model?, 19 October [Online]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfwbvIH6auI [Accessed 10 November 2022].
[Online]. Available from: web address
[Date accessed]
In-text: College of Policing, 2022
Remember...
Recap
In-text: Minimum Information
(Author surname/s, date of publication, page no.
if quote or need to direct user to specific point)
Bibliography
Full details of all sources used in alphabetical order by
author/editor/organisation name
More information? Ask us or see Harvard Referencing pages on the Portal for loads more examples
https://portal.colchester.ac.uk/support_departments/ssandsupport/LearningResourcesandStudent/Colchester_Institute_Library/Harvard/Pages/HarvardReferencing.aspx