Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Notebook

Warm Up

Characteristics

Characteristics

Orthopedic Impairments

Orthopedic Impairments

"Physical Disabilities" and "Orthopedic Impairments" are often used interchangeably.

The IDEA Act uses "orthopedic impairments" to describe:

  • congenital anomaly (abbreviated limbs)
  • impairments caused by disease (rheumatoid arthritis)
  • acquired impairments (spinal cord injuries)

Practitioners in the field will call these "physical disabilities"

Types

Physical disabilities and paralysis are classified by the parts of the body that are involved.

  • Hemiplegia: one side of the body is involved
  • Diplegia: the legs are more involved than the arms
  • Monoplegia: only one limb is involved
  • Paraplegia: only the legs are involved
  • Quadriplegia: all four limbs are involved

Types

Neurological Conditions

Neurological conditions affect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord)

Cases are classified as:

  • traumatic: caused by accidents or abuse
  • non-traumatic: caused by disease or congenital malformations

Neurological Conditions

Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in school-aged children (diagnosed by age 6), often caused by injury to the brain before or during birth.

It is characterized by:

  • lack of muscular control that affects movement and balance
  • motor dysfunctions or movement patterns

Effects cont.

Effects

The muscles and nerves that connect them to the spinal cord are intact but the signal to the brain is impaired due to the injury.

Depending on where the injury is in the brain, the result is one, or more, of three different movement patterns: spasticity, athetosis, and ataxia

Spasticity

Spasticity is the most common motor dysfunction and is characterized by contraction or tightness of one or more muscle group movements

Spasticity

Athetosis & Ataxia

Athetosis: abrupt, twisting, involuntary movements and often affects speech

Ataxia: poor balance and limited hand use

  • affects 1-10% of cases

Seizure Disorders

Seizures can happen to anyone, but repeated seizures are often referred to as "epilepsy"

Seizures are caused by abnormal discharges of electrical energy in the brain.

Many children with cerebral palsy have epilepsy.

Seizure Disorders

Grand Mal Seizures

Grand Mal

Seizures

Grand mal seizures are the most common type of seizure, affecting 60% of people with epilepsy.

These seizures often involve the whole body, can last a few minutes, and result in unconsciousness.

The progression goes:

  • stiffening of the body
  • heavy/irregular breathing, drooling
  • large jerking motions
  • disorientation and fatigue

Petit Mal Seizures

Petit mal seizures often go unnoticed. Unlike grand mal, these seizures are characterized eye blinking or inattentive staring.

Children who have petit mal seizures will often develop grand mal seizures as they get older.

Medication and surgery have proven to be effective treatments

Advice

If a child has a seizure during a session, ease the child to the floor, place the child on their side to keep the airway open and clear, and wait for movements to subside.

Then allow the child to rest until they are ready to resume.

Spina Bifida

Spina Bifida is an abnormal opening in the spinal column. It occurs when the bones of the spinal column don't close completely during prenatal development, causing the spinal cord to protrude through the opening.

If at the base of the spine, damage and paralysis may be minimal, but greater loss of function occurs when higher on the spine.

Spina Bifida

Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal cord injuries are caused by trauma and often result in the loss of mobility or feeling.

The specific effects depend on the type and level of the injury.

  • Complete: there is no function below the level of injury, no sensation and no voluntary movement. Both sides of the body are equally affected.
  • Incomplete: there is some function below the level of injury. A person may be able to move one limb or have some sensation in the affected limbs

Musculoskeletal Conditions

Musculoskeletal conditions are the result of disease or defects that affect the muscles and bones, often involving the arms, legs, joints or spine.

The most common conditions are muscular dystrophy, amputations/congenital malformations, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular Dystrophy is a group of nine hereditary muscular disorders that vary in:

  • age of onset
  • muscles involved
  • rate of progression

These are neuromuscular conditions in which the voluntary muscles of the body become progressively.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Muscle weakness progresses to the muscles supporting the heart and lungs that results in respiratory disease, which is often the cause of death.

  • Most common muscular dystrophy
  • primarliy affects boys
  • genetically transmitted
  • life expectancy: early 20s
  • most diagnosed before a child begins school

Amputations/Congenital Malformations

Amputations/Congenital Malformations

These malformations are characterized by:

  • absent/abbreviated limbs
  • curvature of the spine
  • clubfoot

Most malformations have no known causes, but some are caused by illness, medications or drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy.

Many students are able to attend regular classes and learn how to adapt to classrooms and activities

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Also known as "brittle bone" disorder. OI is a genetic disorder that causes the bones to break easily for little or no apparent reason.

There are four types of OI, the most common and least severe being Type I characterized by:

  • loose joints
  • low muscle tone
  • regular stat

Types II-IV

  • smaller stature
  • hearing loss
  • more fractures
  • bone deformity
  • curvature of the spine

Music Therapy

A music therapy goal for working with this population is encouraging physical exercise to promote muscle and bone strength, preventing fractures.

Music Therapy Note

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

This is the most common type of arthritis in children and the effects can vary in severity. JRA can result in:

  • joint inflammation
  • joint contracture (stiff or bent joint)
  • joint damage
  • changes in joint growth

Some other symptoms may include joint stiffness and weakness in muscles and other soft tissues.

There are three types of JRA and severity is based on the number of limbs affected.

Factors that Influence the Impact of Physical Disabilities

Factors

  • Duration of the disability
  • Age of onset
  • limitation of age-appropriate activities
  • visibility of the disability
  • length of expected survival
  • degree of mobility
  • degree of physical functioning
  • cognitive abilities
  • emotional or social implications
  • sensory functioning
  • communication functioning
  • course of the disability (stable or progressive)
  • Unpredictability of the disability

Potential Goals

Objectives

Goal 1

Goal 2

Educational Goals

Goal 3

Goal 4

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Tobii Dynavox:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g95TO20hnmo

Sip and Puff:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bhj5vs9P5cw

1:23-2:38

Assistive Devices

Objectives

Goal 1

Goal 2

Music Therapy Aims

Goal 3

Goal 4

Objectives

Goal 1

Goal 2

Discussion Question

Goal 3

Goal 4

Effective Strategies

Effective Strategies

Adaptations to the Musical Classroom

  • Adjustable tables & desks that can accommodate for wheelchairs
  • Entry ramps, wider space
  • Access to devices and instruments

Adaptation to the musical classroom

Discussion:

What adjustments could be made to your area and/or your client's space to prepare for a video session (synchronous and asynchronous)?

How about telehealth?

Adapting & Selecting Instruments

Adapting & Selecting Instruments

Resources

  • Occupational therapists
  • Rehabilitation engineers
  • http://www.westmusic.com/
  • commercially available adapted instruments
  • Touch-sensitive pads, Velcro straps, large knobs, stands to hold instruments, color-coded systems

Resources

Guidelines

  • assist in determining the instruments best suited to meet selected therapeutic and educational goals as well as accommodate students' physical limitations

Musical Considerations

  • Motivating to play
  • Complementing timbre to music/activity
  • Dynamic output that can be achieved by player’s physical abilities
  • Contributes meaningfully to the ensemble/piece

Physical Considerations

  • Size & weight in relation to student’s strength and stamina
  • Accessibility
  • Mallet size
  • Child’s ability to hold instrument

Cognitive Considerations

  • Reading music vs rote playing
  • Rhythm vs melody
  • Attention to motor skills to play instrument vs reading music/following a conductor
  • Coordination of using both hands independently
  • Access to one side of the body/crossing midline

Sensory Implications

  • Preference for high or low frequencies
  • Preference of certain textures
  • Tolerance of loud sounds and vibrations

Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT)

Neurologic Music Therapy

The therapeutic application of music to cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunction due to neurologic disruptions in the human nervous system

*Consultation with a physical therapist or others familiar with childhood neurological development is strongly urged

Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation

RAS

Technique used to facilitate rhythmic movement

  • Gait (walk)
  • Music used as an external metronome

Patterned Sensory Enhancement

PSE

Technique using the elements of music to provide patterns that can structure and cue functional movements

  • Rhythm = Timing of movement
  • Duration = Range of motion
  • Pitch = Direction of movement

Therapeutic Instrumental Music Playing

TIMP

The use of instrument playing to facilitate engagement in physical exercise and simulate functional movement patterns in motor therapy

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi