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Waves of Immigration in America

Clara Kunz, Katharina Voß, Sophia Alff

IMMIGRATION

Immigration is the process of moving of people from one people to another. These migrations are an integral part of population development.

It is parted in emigration and immigration.

IMMIGRATION

1775 - 1800

The First Wave

1775 - 1800

-04.04.1776 Declaration of Independence & Confederation 1777

-10.01.1776 "Common sense" from Thomas Paine

National origin of white Americans according to a census of 1790 in percent:

59.7 %

10.5 %

8.9 %

5.8 %

5.3 %

4.3 %

3.1 %

2.1 %

0.3 %

England

Northern Ireland/ Ulster

Germany

Ireland

Scotland

Wales

Netherlands

France

Sweden

Immigration development:

1820 - 1860

The Second Wave

1820 - 1860

Department of Immigration Statistics

-Events that influenced the flow:

  • 1845 - 1852: big famine in Ireland
  • 1848 - 1854: Californian gold fever
  • 1861 - 1865: American civil war
  • 1880 - 1910: force against Jews in Russia
  • 1914 - 1918: World War One

Austro-Hungarian emigrants

19th century the United States = "land of freedom"

1870 - 1910

The Third Wave

16,759

49,637

2,255,534

51,755

836,136

Europe

Asia

N. & S. America

Oceana

Africa

Not Specified

23,024,946

-1850 nearly a million German immigrants

reason: revolution 1848

-today about 58 million Americans call themselfs "German"

1965 - today

The Fourth Wave ~ 1965 - today

1. Main facts

PULL

PUSH

- rising populatio pressures

- the intense poverty of Third World countries

- government repression

- US economic opportunity

- freedom

- introduction of jet aircraft

(faster and safer)

- new law changed selection of immigrants

-priority to people who had family in USA or had needed skills

- mostly "chain immigration"

How the fourth wave began

President Lyndon Johnson signed Immigration and Naturalization Act (INA) on October 3, 1965

legal immigration increased to:

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

3.3 million

4.5 million

7.3 million

9 million

declined significantly to about 5 million

Where immigrants come from

-the most diverse wave ever

-over 80% of immigrants coming from Latin America and Asia

countrys of origin:

others

South A./ Central A./ Caribbean

North America + Mexico

Asia

Europe

Illegal immigrants

  • major difference
  • swelled to 5 million in 1986

Immigration Reform and Control Act

  • number has skyrocketed in last 20 years to an estimated 11 million people

The impact on America

-revitalized many of America´s cities

-ethnic and religious diversity

USA is fast becoming a "rainbow society"

AMERICA: NATION OF IMMIGRANTS

  • Importance of immigration has permeated national consciousness
  • Ellis Island became a museum of American immigration history in 1992

2 million visitors from all four waves

  • 400 years after its beginnings

AMERICA: NATION OF IMMIGRANTS

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