Chapter 5; Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial and Death

First thought upon seeing the photos...

Games

An Exile in Dapitan

During the early part of his exile in the town, Rizal lived at the residence of Captain Carnicero - politico - military governor of the district - because he did not agree with the conditions laid to him by Fr. Pablo Pastells, superior of the jesuit parish priest of Dapitan..

On board the steamer Cebu, Rizal left Manila, sailing through the islands of Mindoro and Panay, until seven o'clock in the evening of July 17, 1892.

An

Exile in Dapitan

Though Rizal and Fr. Pastells had religious differences, they remained good friends.

All About Faith

All

About

Faith

Although Rizal did not subscribe to Pastells' interpretation of the church doctrines, he continued to be a Catholic.

Rizal had a scholarly debate with Fr. Pastells regarding religion.

His careers and achievements in different fields were as follows;

The Awakening of Dapitan

2. The Doctor is "In".

1. Architectural and Engineering Works.

4. From Lotto to Lot; Farmer to Trader.

3. Rivaling the Best in Europe.

The

Awakening of

Dapitan

6. A Polyglot.

5. Once a Poet, always a Poet.

When Rizal reached Dapitan as a prisoner in July 1892, Rizal had maximized his stay in the town by devoting much of his time in improving his artistic and literary skill; doing agricultural and civic projects; engaging in business activities, and keeping correspondence with his friends in Europe, particularly with Ferdinand Blumentritt and Reinhold Rost.

8. Tree of Knowledge.

7. Inventions and Scientific Works.

9. The "Sweet Foreigner"

10. A Talk in the Garden.

11. "Nails in the Coffin".

12. The Trap is Laid.

El Ultimo Viaje-"The Last Trip"

•Governor General Blanco-Introduction of the minister of war and minister of

colonies.

• August 30,1896 -Under Martial Law the 8 Provinces of Luzon.

• Stating that Rizal's conduct in Dapitan was exemplary and that he had no connection

at all with the Philippine Revolution.

El Ultimo Viaje-

"The Last Trip"

• Rizal wrote a letter

• Isla de Panay

- the boat were Rizal transferred

• Captain Alemany - Capt. of the Isla de Panay

• Manila to Spain

• Anchored in Manila to load passengers

• Pedro Roxas, Maria Tuazon, Pedro Paterno

• "Everything is in the hands of the Dive Providence"

• Gov. Gen. Blanco and Ministers of war and The Colonies conspired for his

destruction as a "Dangerous Filipino" upon reaching Barcelona.

A "Dangerous Filipino"

• Rizal was informed that San Roque a district of Cavite was being bombarded and 600 Filipinos were already ordered to shot by the Spanish authorities due to the

revolution.

A "Dangerous Filipino"

• September 8,1896 -he wrote a letter to Blumentritt expressing his disgust and bitterness.

• October 3,1896-Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal as prisoner.

• He was shocked and he realize that the unscrupulous Spanish officials duped him.

• Rizal called the Captain's cabin and informed him that he was being implicated in revolution that had raged in Manila.

• Montjuich Castle in Barcelona- Rizal was imprisoned for 3 days.

• His diary was being confiscated.

• Colon on the same day on board with full of soldiers and officers.

• Gen. Eulogio Despujol - a military commander of Barcelona is his warden. A man who ordered his deportation to Dapitan 4yrs.ago.

• Manila to Singapore

"Last attempt to save the Hero"

• Antonio Maria Regidor-sent two telegrams to his friends in Singapore.

• "Writ of hebeas Corpus"-allowing Rizal to step foot and walk with liberty

• They hired English lawyers (Mr. Fort)

• The chief justice of Singapore discarded the application for writ after reviewing the

case.

• The Colon flew the Spanish royal flag carrying troops so that the court held it is not a merchant ship (remained Spanish wherever it is).

• Sun Yat Sen- a Great Chinese Patriot was saved by "writ" because of Mr. Fort

affidavit to the court of Singapore.

• Spanish Consul protest and produce a document justifying Rizal was really a

dangerous prisoner. -"carrying on an anti-religious and anti-patriotic campaign of

education"

• " Justice Madam, for poor Rizal" (Queen Regent)

• Ambeth Ocampo-" a kangaroo court sentenced him to death".

“Thrilla in Manila"

“Thrilla

in

Manila"

• November 3, 1896, the Colon reached the unscrupulous Spaniards and friars

celebrated the arrival of the ship because it brought more military reinforcement; but for the Filipino Patriots, it was dissolution of their elusive quest for independence.

"Fishing Evidence"

The prosecution then presented fifteen documents against Rizal.

1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce

2. A letter of Rizal to his sister, written August 20, 1890

4. Kundiman, a poem is calling for Liberty,

6. A Masonic document bearing the dreadful words: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."

7. A letter of Rizal from Hong Kong dated May 24, 1892.

13.CopyofaspeechbyEmilioJacintoinaKatipunanmeetingsaying "Viva Filipinas"

15. The poem Rizal wrote for his boys in Dapitan, "Hymno Talisay"

"Fishing Evidence"

• "Fishing" Evidence After fishing for as much evidence as possible (some of which were planted and fabricated), on November 20, 1896, the preliminary investigation on Rizal began.

• The documents 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 14 which we omitted from the list, were harmless. The testimony of the ten "witnesses" seemed to be as weak as the documents.

• On December 11, 1896, the information of charges formally read to Rizal in his prison cell in Fort Santiago.

• On December 15, 1896, Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people.

According to Rizal, there were twelve points to prove his innocence:

2. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary

elements.

1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion.

"The Kangaroo Trial"

3. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan.

4. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile.

5. If he was the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.

6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina.

7. After the first meeting of Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long.

10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having a bitter atmosphere.

9. If the Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized.

8. If the Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it.

12. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired the revolution

11. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan the politico-military commanders and missionary priests in the province could attest to that.

"The Kangaroo Trial"

• The "Kangaroo Trial" Under all these circumstances, around 8:00 a.m., December 26, 1896, Rizal was fetched to a building called Cuartel de Espana and brought to trial before a military court composed of seven military officers headed by Lt. Col.

• Accordingly, the three crimes accused him were "rebellion, sedition, and illegal association"

• He ended his defense with a noble rebuke to the members of the military court: "the judges cannot be unkind; the judges can only be just."

• However, the military officers remained indifferent to Rizal's pleading until, after a short deliberation, the members of the military court unanimously voted for death as a verdict.

• On December 28, Governor-General Polavieja, without any remorse, therefore signed, ordered, and sealed the execution of Jose Rizal through firing squad at seven o'clock in the morning of December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan.

• Spain lost no time, neither convicting him nor in confirming the military court’s decision but he was sentenced to be shot on December 30, 1896.

• Upon hearing the court’s decision, Rizal already knew that there was no way that

his destiny would be changed. He knew that it was his end and he had accepted his fate.

Alone

in the

Cell

Alone

in

the

Cell

• Capt. Rafael Dominguez, at six o'clock in the morning of December 29, 1896, read before him the official notice of his execution, scheduled the next day.

• Rizal immediately transferred to the prison chapel where he spent his last hours on earth. Inside the chapel, Rizal made himself busy by writing correspondences to friends and family, bidding everyone farewell; and conversing and reminiscing with his Jesuit friends.

• From 12:00 noon to 3:00 in the afternoon, Rizal was left alone in his cell. He took his lunch, after which he wrote his last letter, in German, to Ferdinand Blumentritt — his best friend.

The Last Masterpiece

• During his [Rizal] final hours, Narcissa — his sister said that she was not allowed to go near Rizal, even embrace his mother.

• Rizal tried to give some remembrance to each member of the family.

• He said to Narcissa; “Cowards! Soon Spain will be out of the Philippines. Do not

permit your sons to go to school as long as Spain rules here.”

• The other sisters had to enter one by one and could not touch their brother. No male relatives were allowed to enter. Little seven-year-old Mauricio, son of Maria, was admitted. Rizal unbuckled his belt and handed it to Mauricio with his watch and chain.

• Late on New Year's Eve, they opened the lamparilla and found nothing. They shook it a couple of times, and a tiny piece of folded paper fell out. They cautiously opened this with their hairpins. The piece of paper contained the unsigned, untitled, and a neatly handwritten poem that came to be known as "Mi Ultimo Adios."

• Eventually, his sisters made copies of the poem and distributed them to their friends. When Mariano Ponce received one, he gave it the title "Ultimo Pensamiento" and financed the first printing of the poem and distributed it for free.

• When Trinidad had come, Rizal gave his real legacy and said to her:

"I want you to have my lamparilla."

Of Letters and Tears

• At 5:30 a.m., he ate his last breakfast of three hard-boiled eggs. Afterward, he signed some memorabilia including religious pictures and books.

• On December 30, 1896, at 3:00 a.m., he rose up, prayed, and confessed his sins. Inside the chapel, he knelt before the altar and prayed the Holy Rosary, and once finished, read the Imitacion de Cristo by Tomas a Kempis.

• For the last time, he wrote a letter to his family, sisters, and brothers.

• On December 19, 1896, Rizal had his last supper at 8 o’clock in the evening. Then he informed Capt. Dominguez that he forgave his enemies including those who condemned him to death.

• “Viva Espana! Muerte a los Traidores!” (“Long live Spain! Death to Traitors!”) yelled the Spaniards and the military band played “Marcha de Cadiz.”

“To Die is to Rest”

• One of the captain’s men came closer to the body and gave Rizal tira de gracia (mercy shot) in the head to guarantee he was dead.

“To Die is to Rest”

• In the nick of time, Rizal shouted with all might the same last words of Christ, “Consummatum Est.” Guns barked in the air. Bullets riddled Rizal, who with supreme effort, turned his body to the right, and fell down backwards on the ground facing the sun.

• On December 30, 1896, Wednesday morning, it was the day of Rizal’s execution.

• The slow walk from Fort Santiago started at 6:30 in the morning. Rizal was dressed in black — black coat, pants, bowler hat, and white shirt.

• There was a slight delay because Rizal requested the commander of the firing squad that he be shot facing his executioners, but his request was denied. The captain insisted that he must be shot in the back as ordered because he was a “traitor to Spain.” Rizal remarked that he had never been a traitor to anyone.

• He passed by the Plaza del Palacio in front of the Manila Cathedral, and took a right turn to Paseo Maria. He walked along in the middle of the two Jesuits, Fr. Estanislao March and Fr. Jose Villaclara, while behind him was his defense counsel, Lt. Taviel de Andrade. He passed by through Ateneo as well.

• In Bagumbayan, there were a troop waiting, a band ready to play the National Anthem, hundreds of government officials, and Spaniards with their families.