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Tuvalu music presentation
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Music Culture of Tuvalu
Overview of Tuvalu
CultureDemo
Tuvalu, or originally named Ellice Islands, is a country that geigraphically located in the middle-west region of the Pacific Ocean. Tuvalu was formed by nine little coral islands that have a distance of about 420 miles amoung themselfs. Agriculture in Tuvalu was not so successfully developed, but plants like coconut trees and banana trees thrive in this island area. However, Tuvalu still mostly depends on importing products to feed the citizens and the farmed animals. Tuvalu citizens made their money mostly by catching and selling fishes, but most of the money thay made still depends on other near by country's help. They use Austrialian money as their common currency.
Population in Tuvalu
Tuvalu have 11,448 people in total as their whole population, with 92.4% of the whole population having a Protestant religion, 2% for Baha'i, 1.3% for Jehovah's Witness, 1% for Mormon, and 0.2% for none religious people. The population in Tuvalu have an expected age for 68.07 years. More specifically, male's expected age is 65.67 years and female's median age is 70.59 years.
Population
Society ideology
Tuvalu is a country with the ideology of constitutional monarchy within the Commenwealth. Their ideology for the governemtn is parliamentary democracy, which means their constitution was decided by the vote of the adult citizens. In Tuvalu, governments supply their students citizen in the country with primary education, and supply some selected citizens with furthermore secondary education. The medical equipment were mostly found at the Funafuti island, but there are multiple of hospitals with trained doctors all over the rest of the islands.
Society
Living Conditions
Although Tuvalu's living styles has been Westernized to some extent, but they don't have much technologically equipments as a normal Western country do. Electricities can only be accessed in the main island of Funafuti; and accessing to internet for watching TV or films becomes a difficult problem for people living on islands other than Funafuti. Most of the Tuvalu citizens live in a big village that contains more than a hundred people. Gardening, DIY canoe are habbies to most of those citizens who live with an ensemble group of other citizens in a village. The sports favor by people in Tuvalu is volleyball, succor, and cricket.
History of Tuvalu
14th century - Settlers from Samoa Islands, Tonga, and Polynesia migrant to Tuvalu.
1989 - British Conference member Edward Ellice visits Funafuti, and named it 'Ellice Island'.
1892 - Commenwealth announce to protect the Ellice Island.
1978 - Tuvalu announced its independence. The name Tuvalu comes from the meaning of 'eight people standing together', which, in this case, symbolises the eight densely populated coral islands.
1986 - voted resulting to keep the ideology of monarchy that comes from British.
2000 - joined the Commenwealth.
Histoy
Art of the Tuvalu
The musical art of Tuvalu is mostly dance music and musics with drama performances accompaning it. The musics in Tuvalu are being act out by one vocalist sitting and singing, while the others improvise their dance movements along with the lyric of the singing vocalist.
Not only performance musics, other musics activities like hymn singing, Western-style dancing, and pop music are also being favored by them.
Art form
Language of Tuvalu
The language spoken in Tuvalu is officially Tuvaluan and English. Other religions languages like Samoan, Gilbertese, and Kiribati Language are also used in the country by minority citizens of the country.
Language
Instruments of Tuvalu
Tuvalu doesn't have a lot of instruments that connects to their cultural nation, since most of the times the form of music in Tuvalu is performing type of music, which mostly only contains singing and dancing ensembles. However, instruments like slit drums, pan-flute, and nose flute are still commenly see and used in the country of Tuvalu.
Instrument
Slit drums
Slit drums is a hollow percussion instrument. Although the name of this instrument is slit drums, but it doesn't looks like a drum and also wasn't a drum at all. Slit drum is also an idiophone instrument, if it was being catagorized under Sachs & Horbostel indentification. The name slit drums come from the slit that this instrument has on top of its body. Most of the slit drums have 2-3 slits on it. Slit drum is a very commen and famous instrument in the Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.
Slit drums often occurs in the shape of a cylinder, trapezoid, or can be even zoomorphic. When manufacturing the drums, the drum maker always make sure that the width of the two sides of a slit drums is unequal, so that this drum can produce two diferent
pitches depending on what part of the drum was bring hit.
Pan-flutes
Pan-flutes can be made from 4-18 cane tubes and does not contain any other side holes. Those cane tubes can be stick and staple together by using rattan, linen or wax. It makes sound by letting people's breath pass through the cane tubes of this instrument. The differ in length of each cane or the differ in the different place in the cane that was blocked by the wax decides what note goes out of this instrument when different parts of it was being blowed into. To further introduce this instrument, pan-flute could be categorized under the woodwind family of the orchestra, or the aerophone fmily of the Sachs & Horbostel indentification.
Pan-flutes
Nose Flutes
Nose flutes
Nose flute is an instrument that has many similarities with the harmonica, but instead o using mouthes to blow and make notes, this instrument requires people to make notes or melody using it by releasing the air from their nasal passage. By using a slanted hole as the entrance that people will put their nose into and send air in, this instrument could effectively divide the airflow being send into the instrument into two totally different airflows. Those two different airflows then started to vibrate inside the nose flute and produces sound that comes out of this instrument.
Nose flutes was often made by bamboo, and often the bamboo are being cutted with one slanted open end and one close end. People can controll the diferent pitches of this instrument by pressing different soundholes alongside the stick of bamboo body of this instrument.
Nose Flute #2
Nose Flutes #2
The nose-entery hole of the nose flute placement could be different depending on what songs are the instrument players playing or based on what tone color of music is needed in their performance. Sometimes the nose-entery hole is placed at the side of the instrument; sometimes it could be place right at the end of the nose flute; sometimes it is even required for putting two nostril into the instrument at the same time, or sometimes it is required for the player to shut one of their nostril up using one of the hands while the other nostril was bing put into the nose flute instrument for making sounds.
Although bamboo is the main material for a nose flute, but nose flutes that are made by other materials such as the gourd or soapstone also exist in many other cultures.
Representitive Piece
The representitive music piece of Tuvalu that I choosed to analyse in this project is a song called Funafuti Fatele. This song is write under a purpose of completing in a Polynesian tribal dance competition, which take place on the Vaitupu island of Tuvalu. The song was released in the year 2018, performed by a group of Tuvalu native people.
Here is the link to the music piece:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0upvTFQUAs
Music
Table of Analysis Content
Analysis
1. Melody
2. Harmony
3. Rhythm
4. Medium
5. Form
6. Tone color
Melody
This song was written in an A major key signature. There is a home pitch to this song, which kept on repeating. The home pitch sounds like this in A major when played on piano: E F E E D D C. The tonality of this piece is major, which makes the piece sounds delight and brings a joyful feeling. There is an obvious key change which occurs at 1:45, which changes the key from A major to D major. The duration of this piece was 6 minuite and 14 seconds.
Melody
The dynamics present in this piece are mezzo forte, and it suddently becomes forte toward the end of the piece.
The song was written in a pentatonic scale, which only uses CDEGA notes and was a commen scale in the South East asia.
Harmony
This music piece begans at a homophonic texture, with a male solo vocal accompany the rest of the back up singers, which are singing the melody. Then, at 48 seconds, the texture changes into monophonic with only the male solo vocal is singing, but then change back to homophonic texure at 50 seconds. At 1 minute and 33 seconds, the male solo vocalist drop off, and leaving the rest of the back up singers singing a monophonic melody in unison. At 1 minute 45 seconds, the male solo vocal starts to sing again, and when the back up singings then started to join in at 2 seconds later, the texture becomes homophonic again since the male solo vocalist was now singing the harmony part again.
The instrument used for the harmony was vocal.
Harmony
Rhythm pattern
The rhythm heard in this piece is:
1. the table is tapped at a way that keeps the steady beat of the whole music piece.
2. The shouts that appeared in this music piece plays a syncopation rule.
3. The drum joins in playing at 33 seconds, and was keep playing dividing of each beat. It is playing sixteenth note while the tapping of table keeps the steady beat in quarter note. There is also two player who is tapping the table but instead of keeping the steady beat like the others, they played the division of the steady beat in eighth notes.
4. The repeating of home pitch.
5. rest of the table joined tapping divisions with eighth notes later the song.
Rhythm
Meter and Tempo
Meter:
The song was a simple duple meter, also a 2/4 timed.
Tempo:
The song started in a 特tempo of 45 bpm (beat per minute), which quite slow, about a largo pace. At 50 seconds, accelerando started to appear, the tempo gets faster everytime when they go back to the home pitch of the music, and finally, they keep on accelerate and ends in a tempo of 108 bpm, which is a moderato pace. After it hitting the moderato speed of 108 bpm, it started in a slow largo pace again, and then accelerate back to 108 bpm again. This pattern of going back and force on the slow and fast tempo kept repeating and reapearing thoughout the whole music piece.
Meter and
Tempo
Medium
The medium used in this piece is multiple of pitched back up choral vocals, following one pitched male solo vocal lead, and accompanyed by one unpitched drum, which falls into the idiophone category of the Sachs and Horbostel family, also falls in the percussion family of the orchestra.
The song was a folk styled song, and uses all folk song instruments to perform. There is no any classical or prefessional instrument used in this piece.
Medium
Form
The form of this music was binary form. There are two parts exist in this music, and it changes like this:
A (intro) --> A (key change) --> B --> B (outro)
0:00
2:38
1:45
4:59
Form
The light blue box - duration in the youtube video that the form changes
Tone Color
This music piece's tone color were created use a solo male vocal lead, multiple ensemble vocal choir, clapping hands, shouts, and drum.
- ensemble vocal choir start to sing with the male vocal lead and they're singing in unison
- shouts appear from 13 seconds
- drum joins in at about 33 seconds
- first male vocal solo appaers at 49 seconds
- At 1:54, some ensemble choir member started to clapping hads, but the rest of them didn't.
- every ensemble choir member joined to clap their hands at 3:06.
Tone Color
Citation
"Culture of Tuvalu - history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family." Www.Everyculture.Com, 2022, https://www.everyculture.com/To-Z/Tuvalu.html. Accessed 5 Dec 2022.
"Demographics of Tuvalu." En.Wikipedia.Org, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Tuvalu. Accessed 29 Nov 2022.
"Education in Tuvalu: Increasing Failure Rates - The Borgen Project." Borgenproject.Org, 2022, https://borgenproject.org/education-in-tuvalu/. Accessed 29 Nov 2022.
Loh, Maisie. "What is the Slit Drum?" Ritmo Studio, 14 Oct. 2021, www.ritmostudio.sg/post/what-is-the-slit-drum. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
"Pan Flute - World History Encyclopedia." Www.Worldhistory.Org, 2022, https://www.worldhistory.org/Panpipes/. Accessed 5 Dec 2022.
Tatum, Malcolm. "What is a Nose Flute?" MusicalExpert.org, 11 Nov. 2022, www.musicalexpert.org/what-is-a-nose-flute.htm. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
"Tuvalu." V20, www.v-20.org/members/tuvalu/. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
"Tuvalu | Culture, History, People, & Facts | Britannica." Www.Britannica.Com, 2022, https://www.britannica.com/place/Tuvalu. Accessed 29 Nov 2022.
"Tuvalu Demographics Profile." Www.Indexmundi.Com, 2022, https://www.indexmundi.com/tuvalu/demographics_profile.html. Accessed 29 Nov 2022.
"Tuvalu profile - Timeline." Www.Bbc.Com, 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16340166. Accessed 29 Nov 2022.
Tuvalu Songs - Funafuti Fatele - Polynesian Tribal Dance #1. Adapted by Pacific songs and Movies, Pacific songs and Movies, 2018.