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Ribosomes and Lysosomes

By: Andrew Dawson and Kylie Haggard

What are ribosomes?

Ribosomes

Small particles in the cell that are the site of protein synthesis

Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Located in the cytoplasm, either freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Unlike other organelles, they are not membrane enclosed compartments

Found in all forms of life, meaning they share common ancestry

Ribosome Structure

Structure

Produced in the nucleolus

rRNA is transcribed from rDNA and then bound to ribosomal proteins to forn subunits

Contain 2 subunits, each contain rRNA and numerous protiens

2 subunits come together for the translation of mRNA, during protein synthesis

What is Protein Synthesis?

Creation of proteins by cells that use DNA, RNA, and various enzymes

Ribosome translates the nucleotide sequence of a messenger RNA molecule into a polypeptide chain

Protein Synthesis

What are Lysosomes?

Lysosomes

Membrane-enclosed organelles originating from the Golgi Apparatus

Surrounded by a single membrane layer

Contain hydrolytic or digestive enzymes

What lyososmes do?

Functions

Apoptosis

Intracellular Digestion

Lysosomes are important in the progression of apoptosis which is the destruction of cells. Lysosomes contain an enzyme capable of degrading most of the components of a cell called proteases

breakdown of large molecules

  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids

Detoxification

Recycling

lysosomes have single membranes contain digestive enzymes that break down toxic materials

carries out waste disposal and recycling by taking in old cellular components and unneeded large molecules and digests them with enzymes and acids

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