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Evolution of Psychology

Timeline

William Wundt

1879 (Beginning of Modern Psychology)

  • "Father of Psychology"
  • Conducted first labratory experiment
  • First experiment took place at the Insitute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany

Wilhelm

Wundt

James McKeen Cattell

James McKeen Cattell

1889

  • Made first professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania
  • Eventually moved to Columbia University and became department head of psychology, anthropology, and philosophy

Mary Whiton Calkins

1890

  • First woman to be accepted to Harvard's psychology class
  • Mary later became president of the APA

Mary Whiton Calkins

G. Stanley Hall

G. Stanley Hall

1892

  • American Psychological Association is organized in Hall's study at Clark University
  • Developed the concept of Genetic Psychology
  • Best known for his work on child development

Lightner Witmer

1896

  • Opens the world's first psychological clinic to patients, shifting his work from experimental work to practical findings
  • Clinic was created at the University of Pennsylvania
  • Introduced "Clinical Psychology"

Lightner Witmer

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freus

1900

  • Introduced the theory of psychoanalysis in The Interpretation of Dreams
  • Wrote 24 books on various topics such as the unconcious, techniques of free association, and sexuality as a driving force in human

Hugo Münsterberd

1908

  • Pioneer of applied psychology, including industrial-organizational, clinical, and forensic psychology
  • Suggested psychology could be used for a variety of industrial applications includingm, management, advertisment, job performance, etc.

Hugo Münsterberd

Max Wetheimer

Max Wertheimer

1910

  • Founder of Gestalt Psychology which focuses on looking at things as a whole, suggesting the whole is was more than simply the sum of its parts
  • Founded Gestalt Psychology at the University of Frankfort's Psychological Insititute

John Watson

1920

  • Played an important role in discovering behaviorism
  • Believed psychology should be primarily scientific observable behavior
  • Conducted the Little Albert experiment at John Hopkins University Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland
  • The experiment demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus

John Watson

Abraham Maslow

1943

  • Created the theory of the "Heirarchy of Needs"
  • Abraham contributed greatly to "Humanistic Psychology", a branch of psychology focused on the study of expressing your personality and achieve their full potential

Alfred Kinsey

1947

  • Founded the Insitute for Sex Research at Indiana University
  • American biologist, professor of entomology and zooology, and sexology

Alfred Kinsey

Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall

1960

  • Pioneered the study of chimpanzees in the wild, showing how similar chimpanzee behavior is to that of humans, helping to demonstrate the close evolutionary relationship to the two species
  • Experiment was conducted at Tanzania's Gombe Stream National Park

Stanley Milgram

1960

  • Social psychologist best remembered for his now infamous obedience experiments named "The Milgram Experiment"
  • The experiment took place at Linsly-Chittenden Hall at Yale University and demonstrated the human tendency to obey commands issued by an authority figure

Stanley Milgram

Martin Seligman

Martin Seligman

1967

  • Discovered that when people have no control over their situation, they tend to give up rather than fight for control
  • His research on helplessness and pessimism had important implications in the prevention and treatment of depression
  • Completed his research at the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University

Philip Zimbardo

1973

  • Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment, determining people will accept the social roles given to them
  • Conducted on Standford Campus in the basement of a Psychology building made to look like a prison, volunteers assumed the roles of prisoners and guards, but the experiment got out of hand when everyone involved became too immerseed in their role and things turned dangerous

Philip Zimbardo

Elizabeth Loftus

1974

  • One of the nations leading experts on memory
  • Her experiments revealed how memories can be changed by things we are told such as facts, ideas, and suggestions
  • Her experiments were conducted at Washington University

Howard Gardner

1983

  • Best known for his theory of multiple intelligences
  • His theory proposes that people are not born with all the intelligence they will ever have
  • His research was done at Harvard University

Howard Gardner

Ulric Neisser

1986

  • Known as the "Father of Cognitive Psychology"
  • Research centered on human perception, memory, learning, and intelligence
  • Challeneged the behaviorist theory to discover how the mind really works and thinks
  • Presented the first unified cognitive theory

Jerome Bruner

1990

  • Formulated Cultural Psychology
  • Introduced the study of of discovery learning and a spiral cirriculum
  • Ended the reign of behaviorism and put cognition at the center of the field

Jerome Bruner

Steven Pinker

2007

  • Pinker's book, "The stuff of thought: Language as a window into human nature", dives into the psycology threw the lens of the word choice we use
  • His book states that we divide the world into our own perspective as children, and continue to view it through those defined views as we go throughout life

Biblography

Sources

https://apps.apa.org/StaticContent/timeline-assets/timeline.html

https://www.verywellmind.com/hugo-munsterberg-biography-2795512

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1483855/

https://www.verywellmind.com/max-wertheimer-biography-1880-1943-2795528

https://kinseyinstitute.org/about/history/alfred-kinsey.php

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history-project/early-humans/how-ancestors-evolved/a/jane-goodall#:~:text=Jane%20Goodall%3A%20biography%20of%20a%20primatologist&text=In%201960%20Jane%20Goodall%20pioneered,relationship%20of%20the%20two%20species.

https://www.verywellmind.com/martin-seligman-biography-2795527

https://www.verywellmind.com/biography-of-abraham-maslow-1908-1970-2795524

https://positivepsychology.com/abraham-maslow/#humanistic-abraham-maslow

https://www.simplypsychology.org/wundt.html

https://www.learner.org/series/discovering-psychology/explorations/history-of-psychology-contemporary-foundations/

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