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The problem of pattern and scale in (semi-arid ecosystem) ecology | Does big data help or hurt?
Tyson Lee Swetnam
BIO5 Institute ,University of Arizona
"... environmental changes at the global scale lead to changes on individuals, but also impose selective pressures upon populations, and may lead to changes in diversity, at the genetic, phenotypic, and at the species levels.
In essence, the problem is to bridge across very different spatial scales, from one cubic metre of ocean or one square metre of land, to the global scale, a change in linear distance of a factor 10^7.
To paraphrase Levin (1992), ‘the description of pattern is the description of variation, and the quantification of variation requires the determination of scales’ " -- Chave 2013
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.12048
Small Area Design
Large Area Design
100 Billion Neurons
1 Trillion Glial cells
10,000 synapses per neuron
1 quadrillion connections
(1,000 Trillion)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776484/
Oak Ridge National Lab's Summit, its newest Super Computer:
~200 quadrillion (200,000 trillion) calculations per second.
Resolving one kilometer (km) at meter (m) scale results in 1 million pixels / points
A single hectare at cm scale is 100 Megapixels. At mm scale, 10 Gigapixels.
8-bit .TIF = 100 Mb, 16-bit.RAW/DNG = 200 Mb, TIFF CMYK 4x8-bit = 400 Mb
https://toolstud.io/photo/megapixel.php
3 minute interval × 365 days × (10,000 × 10,000) pixels [300 Mb] = ~120,000 CPU hours,~200 Gb output
https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/R.sun
Sankey et al. 2017 - sUAS lidar & Hyperspectral
Swetnam et al. 2018 - Multi-sensor fusion techniques
Gillan et al. (in review) - rapid change detection
Considerations for achieving cross-platform point cloud data fusion across different dryland ecosystem structural states
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.02144/full
http://128.196.38.28/mesquite.html
Different data types and sensors for different jobs
https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rse2.44
UAV hyperspectral and lidar data and their fusion for arid and semi-arid land vegetation monitoring
AVHRR, LANDSAT (5,7,8), MODIS (Terra, Aqua), VIIRS (NOAA-20), Sentinel-2, Cubesats (Planet 3U Doves)
https://www.planet.com/pulse/firehose/
CAPTURING 50,000,000 KM2 PER DAY
Species-level
Phenology
Change Detection
Stress
?
G × E = P
Environment
Genotype
Phenotype
Artificial Selection
Climate ready Plants
Natural Selection
Landscape genetics
Genome selection
Genome wide association
Ecosystem forecasting: NEON data could answer these questions.
“The meaning of ‘knowing’ has shifted from being able to remember and repeat information to being able to find and use it.”
Digital Amnesia
the Google Effect
(even when you know the correct answer)
https://cdn.press.kaspersky.com/files/2017/04/Digital-Amnesia-Report.pdf
Domain Scientists
Developers
#!/bin/bash
$ sudo apt-get install
$ grep FOO "blah" -l \ xargs sed -i
Epigenetics! Abiogenesis!
Regolith! Trinucleotide!
Domain Scientists
Data Scientists
Developers
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
iris = pd.read_csv('../input/Iris.csv')
#create a array variable named iris
iris.head()
#display the table
Can you do this for all my data?
Are your data machine readable?
You're stuck in a Red Queen's Race
Sorry Alice,
Its not all milk and honey...
NEON
You!
or is it?
http://128.196.142.76:3838/NEON-Hosted-Browser/
https://github.com/Danielslee51/NEON-Shiny-Browser
https://www.osapublishing.org/DirectPDFAccess/10FB7405-F6D3-64A7-BD8A3349AAAA5C1B_230309/oe-20-7-7119.pdf?da=1&id=230309&seq=0&mobile=no
https://overview.artbyrens.com/
https://www.magicleap.com/
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Agreement No. 58-2022-5-13. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Numbers DBI-0735191 and DBI-1265383, www.cyverse.org; and Jetstream (Award number ACI-144506) cloud resources.
Links my talks: https://tyson-swetnam.github.io/talks/
Join CyVerse: http://www.cyverse.org/
@tswetnam
tyson-swetnam
tswetnam@cyverse.org