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Korea vs. Vietnam
- Japan at the end of World War II
- Brewing Cold War
- Stalin's fears
- Korea is divded along the 38th parallel into a communist North (Soviet Union) and non-communist South (United Nations)
- The North Korean force was called the North Korean People's Army
-At the start of the war, the North Korean force contained around 135,000 soldiers
-The North Korean army was led by Kim II-Sung
- The South Korean army was called the Republic of Korea Army
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-At the start of the war, the South Korean army consisted of around 98,000 soldiers.
- The South Korean army was led by Chung II-kwon, although General MacArthur would be leading the US and UN troops which would be doing a large amount of the fighting.
- June 25th, 1950 - Northern Korean People's army invades South Korea along the 38th parallel.
-Pushes the South Vietnamese into a small chunk of land near the Port of Pusan.
-June 27th, 1950 - Truman commits air, ground, and naval forces to assist the South Koreans in defense.
-September 1950: MacArthur launches a surpise landing at Inch'ŏn.
- Pushes the North Korean army back up the Peninsula
-October 1950 - Chinese becomes heavily involved
- 260,000 Chinese troops cross the Yalu River
-Seoul is captured, South Korean army pushed back down.
Controversy surrounding MacArthur
- Replaced with General Matthew Ridgway (April 1951)
- Pushes back up to the 38th parallel
-Eisenhower visits Korea
- Inagurated January 20th, 1953
- July 27th, 1953- Armistrice signed to end war
- Late 1800s - French colonization of Vietnam
- Cities built, French language, religion...
- 1940 - Japanese take control of Vietnam for five years.
- Inevitable defeat in World War II
- Ho Chi Minh creates the Indochinese Communist Party. Pushes for Vietnamese Independence
- Geneva Accords split Vietnam along the 17th parallel
- Ngo Dinh Diem is supported by the US and rises to power in South Vietnam.
- Wins 98% of the vote in a "free election."
South Vietnam
Led by Ngo Dinh Diem; then Duong Van Minh (for two months), then Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
- Overly reliant on American troops.
- Conventional fighting tactics
-US cut financial support signifcantly at the end of the war
-Led by Ho Chi Minh; later Le Duan
- Guerilla warfare
-Used the Ho Chi Minh trial to transport people/supplies to South Vietnam
- Had a large increase in financial aid from their allies at the end of the war
Eisenhower:
-Introduced a small amount of military personnel
- Threw support behind Ngo Dinh Diem
Kennedy:
-The "Middle Route"
- Escalated troops in Vietnam
- Supported the coup to overthrow Diem
Truman:
-Letters written to him by Ho Chi Minh
- First to send advisors/financial aid
Johnson:
- Great Society
- Maddox incident and sustained bombing
- Refusal to raise taxes
- Ignored complaints to pull out
Nixon:
- Watergate Scandal
- Prisoner of War Issue
- Vietnamisation
- Peace Agreement
- Resigns
- Proxy Wars
- Divided Along a Parallel (Communist North, non-communist South)
- Same Allies
- Preventing Communism; related to the cold war
- Communists initiated both wars
- Both related to Japan's defeat in World War II
- Different Countries (obviously)
- The end of the Korean war left the two different governments in place, while Vietnam was taken over by the communists completely.
- The rotating presidents had a huge impact on Vietnam, while Truman was president throughout the Korean war
- Vietnam peace agreement did essentially nothing, while the Korean armistice was effective in ending the conflict.
- Vietnam lasted nearly 20 years (although the US was only majorly involved for around 7-9 of them) while the Korean war lasted only three years.
Korea
M1 Garand. Also used in Vietnam
US troops and their allies were armed with assault rifles
M1 8-inch Howitzer. Very important to pushing the North Koreans back.
Helicopters were used heavily