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The Solar System

Alice Chappelle

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Sun [suhn] (noun)

The Sun

Mercury [mur-kyuh-ree] (noun)

Mercury

Compelling Fact One:

One Mercury solar day (one day-night cycle) equals 175.97 Earth days.

Compelling Fact Two:

13 times each century, observers on Earth can watch Mercury pass across the face of the sun, an event called a transit. These rare transits fall within several days of 8 May and 10 November. The first two transits of Mercury in the 21st century occurred 7 May 2003, and 8 November 2006. The next are 9 May 2016, and 11 November 2019.

Compelling Fact Three:

Mercury is the second densest planet after Earth, with a large metallic core having a radius of about 2,000 km (1,240 miles), about 80 percent of the planet's radius. In 2007, researchers used ground-based radars to study the core, and found evidence that it is partly molten (liquid).

Venus [vee-nuh s] (noun)

Venus

Compelling Fact 1:

Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction most planets do.

Compelling Fact 2:

Its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead.

Compelling Fact 3:

Its orbit around the sun is the most circular, nearly a perfect circle.

Earth [urth] (noun)

Earth

Compelling Fact 1:

Earth is the only planet that has a single moon.

Compelling Fact 2:

Earth sometimes temporarily hosts orbiting asteroids or large rocks. They are typically trapped by Earth's gravity for a a few months or years before returning to an orbit around the sun.

Compelling Fact 3:

Our planet's rapid rotation and molten nickel-iron core give rise to a magnetic field, which the solar wind distorts into a teardrop shape in space.

Mars [mahrz] (noun)

Mars

Compelling Fact 1:

It is half the diameter of Earth and has the same amount of dry land.

Compelling Fact 2:

There are signs of ancient floods on Mars, but evidence for water now exists mainly in icy soil and thin clouds.

Compelling Fact 3:

Mars was named by the Romans for their god of war because of its red, bloodlike color.

Jupiter

[joo-pi-ter] (noun)

Compelling Fact 1:

Jupiter's stripes and swirls are cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water.

Compelling Fact 2:

Jupiter is surrounded by more than 50 moons (with more a dozen more awaiting confirmation).

Compelling Fact 3:

Jupiter also has three rings, but they are very hard to see and not nearly as intricate as Saturn's.

Saturn [sat-ern] (noun)

Saturn

Compelling Fact 1:

The farthest planet from Earth observable by the unaided human eye, Saturn has been known since ancient times and is named for the Roman god of agriculture and wealth.

Compelling Fact 2:

It is not the only planet to have rings -- made of chunks of ice and rock.

Compelling Fact 3:

Surrounding by 53 confirmed and nine provisional moons, Saturn is home to some of the most fascinating landscapes in our solar system.

Uranus [yoo r-uh-nuh s] (noun)

Uranus

Compelling Fact 1:

It rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plane of its orbit.

Compelling Fact 2:

Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, although he originally thought it was either a comet or a star.

Compelling Fact 3:

William Herschel tried unsuccessfully to name his discovery Georgium Sidus after King George III.

Neptune [nep-toon] (noun)

Neptune

Compelling Fact 1:

More than 30 times as far from the sun as Earth, the planet takes almost 165 Earth years to orbit our sun.

Compelling Fact 2:

In 2011 Neptune completed its first orbit since its discovery in 1846.

Compelling Fact 3:

Neptune is the last of the hydrogen and helium gas giants in our solar system.

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