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Mental Health
11
How do Sports
Impact Mental Health?
Research
2
This research is about how sports impact mental health. It explores the history behind it, whether that impact is good or bad. The research goes indeaf about the effect each part of sports has on a persons mental health
Ava Frazier
03/20/2024
My opinion
4
Subtitle
This explores each side of the debate under a microscope either negative or positive. Based on that I came to my conclusion of which side I believe.
Looking Forward
5
Two Sides
3
History
1
History of mental health with in sports
Do sports impact meantal health in a positive of negative way. There are different sides to this debate with a split population on what they beleive. This will intoduce the two sides and their reasoning
When you think of athletes you think of people with extreme skill and strength people who can do things that an average person can't do. This is why athletes mental health has not had much studies until, we are just beginning to understand and be able to help atletes.
Origin
Sports have not had many studies done on them until very recently. In the review “Let's Talk About Mental Health and Mental Disorders in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review of Theoretical Perspectives” by Lundqvist and Andersson it was “...found that 81% of mental health studies focusing on elite athletes had been published between the years 2013 and 2018”(2). In years before that there has been a stigma around athletes because of there abiltiies that makes them be held to a higher standard than non athletes.
origin
Where Sports
Psycology Began
Sports
Psychology
Sports psychology is the first real study on any kind on mental health within an athletic setting. The first sports psychology study was "Norman Triplett conducted a study in 1898, now considered the first research study in sport psychology. "(3). In this study he discovered social faciliatation, through noticing cyclists preformed when training ina a group.
Norman Triplett
Different Aspects of Studies
Athletes are under extreme pressure due to expectations but there has not been many studies on this aspect of sports, In 2007 there was a study released on it but, "The only previously published survey we are aware of on this topic was conducted 15 years ago with a small sample of physicians in a single geographic location and assessed the frequency of only 9 psychological conditions." (13). 1987 was the first study done on this but it wasnt until this recent study in 2007 that it was really explored and studied.
Studies
Growth with in the last 10 years
Mental Health hasn't been a big topic and of the little it has been talked about it has been talked about the most in the p;ast few years. In a recent article “Let's Talk About Mental Health and Mental Disorders in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review of Theoretical Perspectives” it states that "In recent years, sport psychology researchers have exhibited an almost explosive growth in interest in the investigation of mental health among elite athletes (2)" this "explosive growth" is due to the help of social media bringing awarness to mental health, in the past 10 or so years it has become more popularized and normalized.
Growth
Evolution
The biggest change in mental heath in sports is the use of sports psychologist, sports psychologist studies have developed greatly over time. New ways to study mental health have come to light such as: "argued for the need to consider the ecological system surrounding the individual athlete when frameworks targeting the promotion of mental health and early intervention or treatment are developed"(4)
Evolution
Mental Health Within Sports
Professional
Sports
As the competitive enviroment in sports has evolved the need for help with mental health within the sports setting. In the past people have taken sports psychologist have been taken for granted but "Now, athletes utilize the services of sport psychology consultants as a proactive measure to help maximize their performance." (4). As time has gone on mental health has evolved into being used as a tool rather than a weakness.
Sports Psychiatrist
Professional
Sports
Sports psychology has been looked past and stigmatized but with the awareness being spread about mental health it is now being used in professional sports such as: "Nonetheless, more and more universities and athletic programs around the world are hiring sport psychologists either full-time or as consultants to work with their athletes." (4). Mental health has become an essentia normal part of professional athletics
Foundations
Sports
Psychology
Foundations created for sports psychology were founded in 1965 in order to increase the advancement of it, "The International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) was founded and the International Journal of Sport Psychology created soon after." (3). Which lead to a new organization "North American leaders in sport psychology began the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA)" (3). These lead to huge advancements in the feild.
Anxiety Studies
Studies
In the past there has not been many studies on the effects of axiety and pressure on athletes and how it effects athletes "Apparently no studies have examined sources of anxiety employing a singular sample...Therefore, this study was conducted to identify common sources of competitive state anxiety for a diverse group of athletes" This new type of studies have allowed us to find out more about the anxieties and pressures of athletes and how it effects there mental health
Present Day
Present
day
Due to the increase in mental health problems the Late last year, the NCAA mandated increased support for Division I student-athletes physical, mental and academic well-being. It also adopted new Mental Health Best Practices that all members will be required to follow. The best practices include emerging information about the in
Suicides
Suicide
rates
Although there is more awareness for mental health there is an increasing amount of pressure on athletes that is getting more intense over time, which in turn causedI"suicide rate[s] among college athletes doubled between 2002 and 2022." (1). Athletes have been getting worse in mental health areas due to there sports.
How Social Media Has Effected Mental Health
Social
media
With the NCAA new push for mental health awareness and help they have turned to social media say that "The best practices include emerging information about the intersection of mental health and sports betting, social media, corruption in sport, suicide, and name, image, and likeness issues.”" (1). Since social media has become popular it hasbeen a huge platform for organizatins like the NCAA to spread awareness to socia media and has brought lots of attention to it
Social Media Spreading Awareness Examples
Spreading awareness
Proffessional Teams Utilizing Mental Health Tools
Mental health is more widely accepted in present times, so in sports there is more attention to it as more and more sports team are utilizing mental health tools such as sports psycologist. "Coaches are also using sport psychology consultants to work with their teams. For example, Phil Jackson was known for using a sport psychology consultant when he coached the L.A. Lakers." (4)
Tools
Technology
New
Technology
With modern times new ways of studying athletes behaviors have come forward in order to be more accurat such as, "the advantage of IoT technology is that the athletes can remove faults in time and reduce the occurrence of safety accidents in competitive sports"(14). With this new technology studies have become more accurate and more data can be pulled from athletes in order to get more information
Research
Links
Links
History
1. Denis Storey, "Suicide Plagues Student-Athletes", Psychiatrist.com, 04/18/2024, Link
2. Lundqvist and Andersson, "Let's Talk About Mental Health and Mental Disorders in Elite Sports", National Library of Medicine, 07/29/2021, Link
3. Morse, Eric et al, "Where it All egan: The history of Sports Psychology", Carolina Performance, 11/18/2015, Link
4. Jimmy Yoo, "How Sport Psychology has changed in 15 years", Amplify, 10/07/2014
Debate
5.. Chris Carr and Jamie Davidson, "Mind, Body, and Sport", NCAA, 04/24/2024, Link
6. Gulliver, Amelia et al. ,"Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: a qualitative study", National Library of Medicine. 09/26/2012, Link
7. Souter, Gray, "Men, Mental Health and Elite Sport", Springer Link, 12/19/2018, Link
8. Matt et al., "Associations between organized sport participation and mental health difficulties", Public Library of Science, 06/01/2022, Link
9. Margot Putukian, "How being injured affects mental health", NCAA, 04/24/2024, Link
10. Roa, Ashwin et al., Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes, National Library of Medicine, 09/2015, Link
11. Sun, Hui e al., "Physical education and Student Well-being", Public Library of Science, 01/25/2024, Link
12. James Beauchemin, "College student-athlete wellness", Project Innovation Austin LLC, 06/2014, Link
13. Mann, Barton et al, " A Survey of Sports Medicine Physicians Regarding Psychological Issues in Patient-Athletes.", Sage Publications, Inc., 12,2007, Link
14. Gillham, Eve and Gillham, Andrew , "Identifying athletes' sources of competitive state anxiety", University of South Alabama, 04/2014, Link
FATt Sentence
The article “Mind, Body and Sport: How being injured affects mental health” by Putukian argues that sports have a negative impact on mental health through injury.
Injury
FATt Sentence
History
#2
“A Survey of Sports Medicine Physicians Regarding Psychological Issues in Patient-Athletes.” a survey done by Mann, Barton et al. gives evidence to the negative impact sports have on mental health, such as too much stress and a reaction to intense training and expectations. The article also gives a unique history on the absence of surveys and studies on this topic from the last 15 years up until this study.
FATt Sentence
Anxiety & Pressure
“Identifying athletes' sources of competitive state anxiety” by Gillham, Eve and Gillham, Andrew discusses the history of the lack of studies done from sports related anxiety, then continues to argue that the main reason is anxiety of preforming well for the crown and not letting themselves down or others.
FATt Sentence
History
Lundqvist and Andersson’s article “Let's Talk About Mental Health and Mental Disorders in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review of Theoretical Perspectives” provides a history about the growth in mental health studies for sports and the newer approaches to understanding mental health in athletes.
FATt Sentence
Stigma
The article “Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking for young elite athletes: a qualitative study” by Gulliver, Amelia et al. supports the argument that athletes are unwilling to get help due to a stigma, past negative expirences , and lack of awareness
How sports positively effect
mental health
Positive
Sports not only positively effect athletes physical but also has a positive effect on their mental health. Sports have the ability to help an athletes mental health by providing a good routine, promoting positive social interaction, and decrease stress. Physically feeling good helps people mentally feel good.
Sports provide a good routine
good
routine
In sports there is a schedule in which practices, games, meeting, etc... are planeed, this provides athletes with a healthy routine. A report that studied how physical education/sports effect students well being found that sports provide a good routine that keeps athletes healthy (11). Sports are a great source of exercise that allow students and other athletes to regularly get the exercise there body. A good routine also lowers stress, makes people more productive, and releiv stress. These are all factors that effect mental health in a positive way.
How sports promote
positive socialization
social
interaction
In a article written by Hoffman, Matt et al. they wrote about the association the sports have on mental health, which lead them to the finding that “Team sport participation is thought to be particularly effective in protecting against the development of mental health problems among children and adolescents because of the many opportunities for positive social interactions”(8). Social interaction have numerous benefits such as boost peoples moods, decrease depression, higher self esteem, and increase in trust, which all increase the well being of mental health. Being in an enviroment where people are encourage to communicate such as sports encourages health and positive social interaction.
How Sports Decrease Stress
Stress
When people exercise they release a hormone called an endorphine. Sports gives people routinley good exercise which in turn releases endorphines. These endorphines are natural pain releivers and stress releivers. Which is why they are known as the "feel good hormone". A common known endorphine high after excercise is the runners high, endorphines "highs" like this can last a few hours after. Sports allow these endorphins to boost peoples moods, relieve stress, and help with depression.
How sports negatively effect
mental health
negative
Sports have a big effect on whether an athlete faces challenges with mental health or not. Unfortunatley there are a few reasons why that effect is negative. Athletes have a stigma around them that negatively effects there mental health, along with injuries, and anxiety/stress. Although athletes are in great shape sometimes it comes at a big cost to their mental health.
Stigma
stigma
An unhealthy enviroment has been created in sports due to the stigmatisation around athletes seeking help or admittng to having mental health issues. Said stigma is in direct relation to the idolization of athletes, creating a significant barrier between
athletes and mental health.
Making it so if athletes seek help for mental health issues or even admit to a mental health issue they are seen as weak or indequate. There are two types of stigma that effect athletes, self stigmatization and perceived stigmatization
Self stigmatization is caused because athletes "considered it would be much more embarrassing for the athlete if they were to seek help for depression, or any other “major” (F1) concern not related to sport." (6). it has become unacceptable in the sports community for athletes to have any issues that are not related to sports. Like preformance issues, but for issues such as depression it is seen as embarassing. This kind of thinking has creted a toxic enviroment.
Self stigma
Perceived Stigma
Perceived
stigma
Percieved stigma is the perception that others hold and their stigmatizing views. Like the media, the media provides views of athletes which exaggerates stories and often views athletes as immune to challeneges that "normal" people face(6). This perception makes it hard for athletes to come forward with their illnesses. Other than the media the perception of athletes coaches and friend also causes a problem athletes are scared that people around will see them as weakened.
Injury
Injuries
In sports it is common for athletes to get injured, but the effect that injuries have on athletes mental health is very negative. "Athletes suffer from a higher risk of injuries and 80% of the time, athletes attending for treatment on their injury also discussed their psychological issues caused by the injury"(13). An injury can can make them feel symptoms of depression such as feeling hopeless, lack of motivation, sadness, and isolation. Most athletes are under an extreme amount of pressure that can make them feel like they have failed if they get injured or are somehow letting people down.
Anxiety and Stress
Sports come with a lot of pressures and expectations of athletes, which in turn causes stress and anxiety. Athletes are constantly expected to preform amazingly and put in rigous training which contributes this stress and anxiety experienced by many
anxiety
Anxiety caused by sports
Anxiety
There are many different types of anxiety that are common for atheletes, such as performance anxiety, judgement anxiety, and expectation anxiety. Each type of these anxieties causes have a similar theme: pressure. The pressure put on athletes to be almost super human is enormous, especially elite athletes having to practice and train extremely hard it takes a toll on there mental health. People expect so much of athletes and most athletes feel that pressure and dont want to let themselves, their coaches, their families, or anyone else down.
Studies
A study done on the anxieties of athletes qouted athletes sharing there anxieties saying, When there are people watching you, you feel like there's pressure
to not screw up because we've all heard the fans talk about, 'Look
at that idiot' or 'Look at what that person did.' So I think that
you don't want to be the one to make the huge mistake, and
I think that's a source of anxiety for me.”(14). Atnhletes feel an emience amount of pressure caused b y sports it negatively effects their mental health.
continued
Stress caused by sports
Stress
With sports comes stress over over work, not being the best, etc... Athletes "face an extreme load of physical training and psychological stress [15]. There is a need to consider competition-induced stress either prior, during or immediately after competition [18], and include factors of an athlete’s sporting life including training, rehabilitation, team meetings and contract negotiations."(7). These types of pressure and scenarious greatly effect how athletes mental health is. A lot of stress like this bring someone to a breaking point.
My Opinion
My
opinion
In my opinion sports have a negative impact on mental health, even if sports have some positive effects on mental heath te negative effevtc are much more serious and real. There are examples of suicides and depression induced by a sport. Although sports may help releivi some stress it is only temerary, where as the sport causing the anxiety and stress last longer andeffects athletes more. Sports may provide a good routine , but a lot of times athletes are over worked and that makes this routine actually a negative factor of mental health. Mental health is extremely over looked on athletes and any positive effect sports may have on athletes there is a much more serious negative impact that counters it.
Negative Side of the Debate
Negative
side
Sports impact mental health in a negative way through, injury, stress and anxiety, and stigmatisim. Athletes put in an extreme amount of pressure on te way they play and once their injuried they can't play at all, taking a toll on their mental health. Injuries cause hopelessness, depression, suicidal thought, and anxiety which all negatively effects ones mental health. Stress and anxiety are a big problem for athletes because of all the expectation and pressure placed on them causes estreme stress and anxiety. The stigma surrounding atheletes has effecting them getting help and admitting to mental health issues, causing there mental health to decline. The negative side of the debate uses the extreme pressureand expectations put on athletes that make their mental heath decline .
Famous Athletes Suicides
Kelly Catlin
Suicides
Injury related suicides: Kelly Catlin a US track cyclist that died of a suicide in 2022 after an injury in 2019 that made her unable to train, which in turn made her feel hopeless and take her life
Pressure related suicide: Katie Meyers a collegiant level soccer star at stanfordcommitted suicide in 2022 because she felt an overwhelming pressure to be perfect, aong with stress and depression caused by her sport.
Stigma related suicide: Rick Ripien commited suicide in 2011 as a NHL player because he felt he had to conceal his illnesses and issues
Katie Meyers
Rick Ripien
Positive Side of the Debate
Positive
side
The view that sports impact mental health in a positive way argue that sports decreasing stress, promote positive social interection, and provide a good routine. Sports help stress because while exercising peoples bodies realease ahormone called endorphines, whic are a natural stress reliever and pain reliever. ports are make athletes apart of a team making athletes have to interact in a positive way to be able to work well, this positive interaction can decrease depression and anxiety, improve mood, increase self-esteem, etc... Lastly Sports provide a good routine, a good routine that keeps athletes inshape and healthy positively impacts mental health. A good routine can improve productivity, decrease stress, and help with better sleep. Overall the main arguement is that sports help releivi stress by providing different things that help not only our minds but our body, which in turn increases mental health
How exactly will this topic matter in the future? Who will it affect, and how will it affect them?
Title
This topic will matter in the future becase the NCAA has already said the suicide is one of the leading causes of deaths for athletes and that suicide rates have doubled over the last 20 years. This will effect ahletes, families, partners, children, and admirers. Having a loved one die even if it was a famous athlete a child or person looked up to or admire can effect the way people think and effect their mental health as well. We need to keep moving forward stopping learning will only makes move backwards
Is there something we should
be worried about happening?
What Could
Happen
If we do not continue on the path of bringing awareness and breaking stigmas we will have to worry about mental health getting worse. Whixc means more suicides and more depression andanxiety. If we do not keep studying the effects that sports has on mental health we will stat going backwards.
How will this topic evolve
in a few years? What about
in 10-15 years?
The
Future
In the next few years it will evolve into a more strong topic of conversation, with the help of social media we can spread more awareness and help with the stigma around athletes. In 10-15 years I beleive that we will have completely broken the stigma arund athletes and mental health, sports psychology will have developed much more which will allow us to have more incite into how sports is effected mental health with better tools.