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EID100 - Module 10
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EID100//Programming
<Intro>
It’s All “Geek” to Me!
High level language
(puts 'Hello World!')
(Compiler)
Machine language
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00100000 01010111 01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100
- Express complex, abstract ideas
- Interoperable
<Natural vs formal languages>
Characteristics
Natural languages: ambiguous and redundant
Natural and programming languages both: exist in dialects; perform some functions better than others; provide the basis for quickly learning others; style is important
Programming languages: simple and recognizable; convey abstraction; portable; efficient; consistent in syntax and semantics
<HTML>
HTML
- Not a true programming language: it just tells web browsers what the content of a web page is
- Original web language
- Hypertext (system of links between pages) and MarkUp Language (provides content and its description
- Semantics: describe content more precisely
- Connectivity: communicate with the server in innovative ways.
- Offline and storage: allowing webpages to store data on the client-side locally
- Multimedia: making video and audio first-class citizens in the Open Web.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>
</h1>
{CSS}
CSS
- Complementary language to HTML
- Cascading Style Sheets tell browser how to display information
- Stored in a separate file external to the HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
Javascript
Javascript
- main scripting language of the web
- embedded into HTML in order to add interactivity
- “client-side scripting” means that it programs the behaviour of the web browser
- all Android apps written in Java
- https://www.w3schools.com/js/tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_intro_lightbulb
Programming languages
Assembly language:
Produces highest performance and efficient software BUT very hard to write. Used for operating systems
c:
Most important programming language in the world. Used for OS' & browsers
dART:
For building client-side software that can run on phones and browsers. Google is using Dart for important projects.
ruby:
Stresses human over computer needs. The Rails web framework was written for Ruby.
XML:
is a cross-platform tool used for storing and transmitting information
PHP:
Most popular language for building the backend of websites (client-side scripting). Facebook and WordPress are written in it.
SQL:
main language used for accessing and manipulating databases
Web standards
- International body that sets web programming standards
- Principles: Web For All; Web of Trust; Web on Everything
- Founded in 1994 in order to create consistent architecture/common standards
- https://www.w3.org/Consortium/mission
Coding for all?
Reading, writing and...Javascript?
- Learn to code, or get coded?
- Median pay for programmers approx. $100k in US
- Tech co's are big recruiters, but so are: finance, manufacturing, health care
Brogramming?
- Women in US are paid 80% of US counterparts and occupy around 25% of tech positions in Canada, US & UK.
- Programming used to be 'women's work': in 1960's majority of programmers were female
- A cultural divide? In India, 1/3 of programmers are female; in Iran +50%
- Benefits of diversity in tech?
No code?
- Do we have the aptitude, time and dedication to become expert?
- Do we all need to know a programming language, or just understand how they work?
- Do we have the disposition to "fail all the time"?
Will AI replace programmers?
- “Over the last 10-15 years, almost everybody who sits on a stage like this would tell that it is vital that your children learn computer science, everybody should learn how to program, in fact, it is almost exactly the opposite.” Nvidia CEO, Jensen Huang (2023)
- Generative AI capable of advanced coding = https://github.com/features/copilot
- BUT...
Dependency on training data/lack of critical thinking + contextual understanding/need oversight/ethical + security needs/innovation
Activity!
- Go to Codeacademy.com
- Select an appropriate course (for a programming language that is new to you, or that you could use more work on)
- Take a screenshot of your progress after 30-40 minutes and attach/embed in an email to me
Analytics
Web Analytics
- Address the 98% of site visitors who leave without converting
- Implementation and segmentation!
- https://www.kaushik.net/avinash/
- Clickstream: the path a visitor takes through a website (and the data trail they leave on the way)
Metrics
Bounce rate: visitors that don't stick around
Conversion Rate: Outcomes divided by unique visitors.
Page Views: what are the top performing areas of your site?
Visitors: shows your audience growth
Traffic: organic vs paid
Lands: optimize the parts that visitors see first
Traffic types: how responsive does your site need to be?
Other fundamentals
Testing: A/B vs multivariate
Key Performance Indicators (KPI): core measurable outcomes
Voice of Customer (VOC): get visitors to tell you
Competitive Intelligence: what are the other guys doing?