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M
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O
Special problems with phonemes
THE
CREATIVE
ZONE
PREZI BY Victor Sanchez
b v
In Spanish
In Spanish
/v/ and /b/ are pronounced the same
/v/ and /b/ are pronounced the same
/b/ has two allophones
[b] voiced bilabi...
/b/ has two allophones
[b] voiced bilabial stop
e.g: Beso (w.i.p)
[B] voiced bilabial fricative
e.g: Abismo (w.m.p)
It doesn’t occur in w.f.p, except in loan words
e.g- Club
It doesn’t occur in w.f.p, except in loan words
e.g- Club
In English
In English
They are two different phonemes /v/ and /b/
They change one word to another
They are two different phonemes /v/ and ...
/b/ has two allophones
[b] regular ...
/b/ has two allophones
[b] regular “b”, + bil stop
Bell (w.i.p), abandon (w.m.p)
[b°] non-released “b” Club (w.f.p)
/v/ voiced labiodental fricative e.g: vet
Exaggerate the wind of the “v” sound
/v/ voiced labiodental fricative e.g: vet
Exaggerate the wind of the “v” sound
Stop the /b/ and prolong the /v/
Stop the /b/ and prolong the /v/
- Berry ↔ very (w.i.p)
- Marble ↔ marvel (w.m...
Examples:
- Berry ↔ very (w.i.p)
- Marble ↔ marvel (w.m.p)
- Curb ↔ curve (w.f.p)
g
/g/
IN SPANISH
/g/ has two allophones
[g] voiced velar stop
e.g: Guerra (w.i.p)
[g] voiced velar fricative
e.g: Exagera (w.m.p)
It doesn’t occur in w.f.p, except in some names of Azuay as Deleg
Extend its fricative pronunciation of “g” to English words (problem)
IN ENGLISH
/g/ has two allophones
[g] regular “g”
e.g: Get (w.i.p)
[g°] non-release “g”
e.g: Leg (w.f.p)
/g/ occur in each position of a word
Examples:
- Gale (w.i.p)
- Regale (w.m.p)
- Vague (w.f.p)
d
/d/
/d/ has two allophones
[d] voiced dental st...
SPANlSH
/d/ has two allophones
[d] voiced dental stop
e.g: Dora (w.i.p)
[d̚ ] voiced dental fricative
e.g: Adorar (w.m.p), Navidad (w.f.p)
- Do not use both sounds in English
English
Dental “d” is not completely unknow
Add the (anticipatory coarticulation)
/d/ has three allophones
[d] regular “d”
e.g: Door (w.i.p)
[d°] non-released “d”
e.g: Bed (w.f.p)
[d] alveolar tap
e.g: Trader
Deuce (w.i.p) , reduce (w.m.p), food (w.f.p)
- Deuce (w.i.p)
- reduce (w.m.p)
- food (w.f.p)
Examples
t
/t/
/t/ has one allophone
[t] unvoiced dental stop
e.g: Toro (w.i.p), atar (w.m.p),
IN SPANISH
[t] doesn’t occur in w.f.p, except in loan words as:
robot or names ...
[t] doesn’t occur in w.f.p, except in loan words as:
robot or names as Margot (w.f.p)
"Try to take some tomatoes"
"Try to take some tomatoes"
American people hear it strange
/t/ becomes /d/ when it is a w.f.p cluster, before a vowel
e.g: Best ever
IN ENGLISH
/t/ has five allophones
[t] regulat “t” : alv stop (beginning of an unstressed syllables or after a “s”)
e.g: Practice, study
/t/ has five allophones
[t] regulat “t” : alv stop (beginning of an unstressed syllables or after a “s”)
e.g: Practice, study
[th] aspirated “t” (at the beginning of a stress syllab...
[th] aspirated “t” (at the beginning of a stress syllable)
e.g: Time (w.i.p)
More common to an English speaker
[dɖ] alveolar tap
e.g: Little
More common ...
[dɖ] alveolar tap
e.g: Little
More common to an English speaker
[t°] non-released “t”
e.g: Get (w.f.p)
[t°] non-released “t”
e.g: Get (w.f.p)
Ø Zero Allophone
After /nt/, before a vowel
e.g: Cent...
Ø Zero Allophone
After /nt/, before a vowel
e.g: Center
At the end of a cluster, before a consonant
e.g: Best friend
problems
1. Pronounce [th] instead of [t]
Turn, true, time, took
2. Pronounce [th]
Until, between, untrue
3. Pronounce alveolar tap
Let him go, letter, that is
4. pronounce [t°]
Not yet, cat
5. pronounce ...
4. pronounce [t°]
Not yet, cat
5. pronounce [d]
Kept’ em, lost everything
6. don’t pronounce Ø
Left side, last week
f
/f/
Spanish
Bilabial /f/
Contact between the two lips
Two lips are equally prominent
e.g: Oferta
English
Labiodental /f/
Contact between the lower lip and the upper tee...
Labiodental /f/
Contact between the lower lip and the upper teeth
Lower lip curls back under the upper teeth
e.g: Offer
Examples
- Fail (w.i.p)
- Coffee (w.m.p)
- Beef (w.f.p)
Fail (w.i.p)
- Coffee (w.m.p)
- Beef (w.f.p)
Problem
Since “b” doesn’t occur in w.f.p in Spanish
people say the most convenient sound that comes to his lips
e.g- Club
r
/r/
/r/ has two allophones, but only one sound
Always retroflex liquid
The tip of the tongue curls back behind the alveolar ridge, so air escapes over it.
English
Voiced or devoiced
Spelling “r” or “rr”
e.g: Rose, cream
Voiced or devoiced
Spelling “r” or “rr”
e.g: Rose, cream
Dark “r”
Schwa zone
After the stops ...
Dark “r”
Schwa zone
After the stops “t” and “d” (fricative) – momentary-
e.g: True, dream
Examples
Trixy Truman tried to transform the traces (fricativizati...
- Trixy Truman tried to transform the traces (fricativization)
- What did you dream you were trying to do? (alteration of “r” is not noticiable at all
/r/ has two allophones
Alveolar trill -rr- (unfamiliar to E.S)
e.g: terrrrmino (speech impediment)
Alveolar tap (intervocalic “r”) toro, oro, aro (r after consonants) Pedro, trucha
Spanish
Ecuadorian sound [ɾ̃] palatal retroflex
Rural peop...
Ecuadorian sound [ɾ̃] palatal retroflex
Rural people Fricative Back and higher
Little bit English “palatal z” Rock
Problem
The tongue feels more comfortable with [ɾr̃] than the alveolar trill or alveolar tap
For Spanish-speaker making the retroflex liquid is easy since it is only one
Concentrate in making [r] instead of the other three “r”
Little difficult to learn, but once it is learned, it is very easy to use
Conclusion
w
/w/
Labiovelar glide
The tongue is raised toward the velum (lo...
Labiovelar glide
The tongue is raised toward the velum (long u) as the lips are rounded simultaneously.
Spanish
Problem in certain positions (what comes after it)
Before [ŭ:r] Word Before [oo]
People sometimes tend to get rid of this sound while talking
Fusion of two homophonic articulation wool
English
Before front vowels the “w” doesn’t create problems
Wincha – Weekend
Start with the “u” sound
Women
Lips are proper...
Solution