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HYDRATION AND DEHYDRATION CASE STUDY

In this case study, a family decides to spend a day at the pool. A little while after, the children, Elie and David notice their fingers become wrinkly. Elie's father proposes that the water and dissolved particles were drawn out of her skin via diffusion into the body of water around her . Elies mother proposes water was drawn into their skin by osmosis. We can conclude that Elie's mother is correct. As we go through this presentation we will study osmosis, and make sense of why this is the case.

CASE STUDY

OSMOSIS

Osmosis involves the diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane. Osmosis is the process of water moving from an area of high water concentration ( low solute) to an area of low water concentration ( high solute) . This process will continue until the water has reached an equilibrium.

OSMOSIS

ISOTONIC

An Isotonic solution is when the concentration of fluid surrounding the cell is equal to what's surrounding the cytoplasm. This results in the concentration of solutes being at an equilibrium, which means the movement of water is not necessary .

ISOTONIC

Hypertonic

A Hypertonic solution occurs when the fluid surrounding the cell has a higher concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell. This results in the water diffusing out of the cell by osmosis.

HYPERTONIC

HYPOTONIC

The solute concentration of fluid surrounding the cell is less than what is surrounding the cystoplasm. This results in water diffusing into the cell by osmosis

HYPOTONIC

PASSIVE VS ACTIVE TRANSPORT

PASSIVE VS ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Passive transport is the movement of materials across a cell membrane without using energy

Active transport is the movement of molecules, atoms and ions against the concentration greadient, acroess a cell membrane, using the cells energy.

Three types of passive tranports are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion .

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

PASSIVE

TRANSPORT

The 3 types of tranports are Diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion which do not require energy.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is known as moving across the concntration gradient. The process of diffusion occurs faster in gas than liquid, at higher temperatures, and work with only smaller molecules.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. This process continues until an equilibrium is reached

Facilitated diffusion is when molecules enter cells with the assistance of helper molecules known as transport proteins. This happens when a molecule is too large or hydrophylic to travel through the lipid section of the cell membrane. Transport proteins move the molecules in and out of our cells through the concentration gradient so no energy is required

Active transport

ACTIVE

TRANPORT

At times, for a molecule to get into a cell, it is important for the cell to create a large concentration gradient between the inside and ouside of the cell.

The movement of molecules, atoms and ions across a cell membrane with the use of energy is called active transport.

The cell uses energy to pump the molecules through the membrane against a concentration gradient.

Active transport relies on transport proteins to allow substances to go through a membrane.

Cells also use ATP to maintain its intracellular environment.

1. It allows cells to bring in nutrients that are already high in concentration outside the cell

2. It allows a cell to remove harmful waste from their intracellular environment

3. ATP is also necessary for homeostasis where an internal environment is maintained, regardless of the external environemt

CONCLUSION

We can conclude that Elie's mother was correct. The salty cells at the tip of our fingers swell up because the water outside our fingers are less saltier than the cells inside of our fingers. This causes water to flow into our fingers to balance the level of saltiness or come to an equilibrium. This causes the fingers to swell up and appear wrinkly. Therefore a hypotonic reaction occurs, which is when the cell absorbs water and swells up. I hypothesize that freshwater would also be similar to that of the pool, which leads me to beleive that our fingers would also become wrinkly in a lake, as they dont have high levels of sodium

I also beleive that our fingers would not get wrinkly in an ocean. I beleive because there is a high level of salt in our cells and the ocean, a state of equilibirum would be reached, and there would be no need for the net movement of water due to the isotonic solution

CONCLUSION

CELL MEMBRANE

The cell membrane is found in all cells an seperates the internal environment from the exterior environment.

It allows essential molecules into the cells, and allows waste to leave.

The cell membrane is made of phospholipids where the head is hydrophylic ( water loving ) and the tail is hydrophobic ( water fearing) the tail is made of a glycerol molecule and two fatty acid chains. Two of these molecules join tail to tail when place in H20 which makes it appropriate for cell membranes in a watery environment.

Proteins and cholesterol can fit into the cell membrane because of the bends of the unsaturated lipid layer.

Cholesterol helps fix any breaks in the membrane and proteins function as channels through which ions and molecules can travel in and out of the cell.

CELL MEMBERANE

FLUID MOSAIC OF CELL MEMBRANE

FLUID MOSAIC OF CELL MEMBRAENE.

The combination of the proteins, lipids bilayer, and cholesterol are what produce the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.

The cell membrane is called fluid because it is not 100% solid, which allows materials to pass through it.

It also mean that the membrane can adjust itself so that a seal is maintained around the cytopalsm.

The cell membrane is called mosaic because of the wide vareity of molecules attached to it

The cell membrane is also selectively permeable. It has this name because most membranes are able to regulalate and contorl waht passes through them. For example, being able to control nutrients coming in and waste going out is crucial. If it was the other way around, this would be catastrophic!

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