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What is wrong with each of the following utterances?
He got up early because his work.
He got up early because of his work.
He gave she a present.
He gave her a present.
They had a quickly breakfast before going out.
They had a quick breakfast before going out.
During they were eating, the doorbell rang.
When they were eating, the doorbell rang.
'There's something blocking the road.' 'OK, we'll avoid.
'There's something blocking the road.' 'OK, we'll avoid it.
He learns very slow.
He learns very slowly.
They gives her a lot of help.
They give her a lot of help.
I want to listen the news at 9 o'clock.
I want to listen to the news at 9 o'clock.
Divide the verbs in these utterances into two categories, stating reasons for your allocation.
Transitive verbs
You've finished your tea.
They are playing games.
She watches TV for an hour after dinner.
I'm repairing the car.
Cortez conquered Mexico.
I hate this exercise.
Intransitive verbs
The sun is shining brightly.
I'm going to bed.
Many leading politicians have died violently.
I can't think clearly!
Unit 5 starting from Page 68
Number of authors
Online sources
Other features related to books
Editorial &
Government documents
Things to bear in mind:
1. Sources are listed alphabetically, by the authors' last name/ surname/ family name.
2. References should start at the left margin.
3. Second and subsequent lines should be indented with 5 spaces.
4. If the book is the 4th edition, include this information after the name of the book.
the 4th edition
separating the authors
joining the last two together
indented 5 spaces
2 or more authors
If there are more than 6 authors, do not list any names after the 6th, write et al. in their place.
et al.
How about books with 8 or more authors
Generally,
Include the first six authors' names, followed by three dots (...), then add the last author's name
Book chapter in an edited book
an edited book
pp
Compare how the authors are presented in the two parts
Books by a corporate entity or organization i.e. the publisher is the same as the author
Author = Adobe Systems Inc. (no need to repeat it)
Books by unknown authors
Start with the name of the book or article
What is special about the reference?
A department as the author
Author = Department of Finance and Administration
With identifying number
What should be the difference?
Do we need to mention the author?
Year/Date?
Title of the article?
Name of the book/ journal/ newspaper/ magazine?
Do we italicize them? How about publisher?
How do we know that it is an online source?
Compare:
DOI: Digital Object Identifier
What is DOI?
A unique alphanumeric (alphabets & numbers) or numeric string assigned to an article in a scholarly journal
doi (DOI): 10.1037/a0019441
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019441
Why DOI?
To uniquely identify objects in the digital environment
Information about a digital object including its location, may change
But not DOI
What if there is no DOI?
The following must be provided.
1. Retrieval information e.g. date, web page name, etc
2. Full URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for the article after the retrieval information
Compare
Articles from online newspaper or magazine
Wiki or other related encyclopaedia entries
Wiki: usually without an author
Can be edited so provide retrieval date
Ecology. (2016). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 9, 2016, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology
Date of publication:
Year > month > day
*Date of retrieval:
Month > day > year
Pay attention to punctuation
If no date or year can be found, put down (n.d.)
3 steps to prepare citation and references:
In-text citation and references:
*p: one page
pp: more than one page
APA style
References are:
5 spaces
The second and subsequent lines are indented.
Two common types:
Section 1: In-text citation
The problem lies with Mitch.
Surname + and
the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health (COSH)
No date: (n.d.) so
(b)
4.
'Ivy' is not a surname
(b)
So (a) & (c) not correct. How about (b) & (d)
The page number is missing in (d)
Section 2: References
We do not underline the name of the article.
The title of the article should not be italicized.
There should not be quotation marks.
Every item is presented according to the requirements.
(d)
Only Colorado Business Magazine should be italicized.
The date should be yy-mm-dd.
This is a government document.
The department should be the author.
Government document should not come first.
The identifying number should be placed right after the title of the article.
We do not underline the title of the book.
The retrieved date should begin with mm-dd-yy
(a)