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Transcript
Turkey
History of Turkey
- Turkey is home to one of the earliest settlements in the world. Built 8,800 years ago, Catal Hoyuk was a labyrinth of 150 mud homes joined together. There were no streets in between, so people had to enter the homes through holes in the roof!
- About 4,000 years ago, the Hittites created an empire in the central part of what is now called Turkey in Anatolia. They ruled for hundreds of years. The Trojan War took place when the Hittites were losing power.
- The ruins of the city of Troy are believed to be in the city of Hissarlik in Anatolia.
History Continued...
- King Midas ruled western Turkey around 700 B.C.
- In 334 B.C., Alexander the Great conquered Turkey for the Greeks until Rome took over and it became part of Roman Asia Minor.
- In A.D. 330, Constantine became the Roman emperor and formed a new capital called Constantinople.
- The city of Constantinople was conquered by the Ottomans in 1453 and Turkey became part of the Ottoman Empire.
- The city formally became Istanbul in 1923. Turkey became a secular country, meaning there is a separation between religion and government.
The Country
- Turkey is a large peninsula that bridges the continents of Europe and Asia.
- Turkey is surrounded on three sides by the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea. Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is built on land in the Bosporus seaway. The city is partly in Europe and partly in Asia.
- Turkey is larger than the state of Texas.
- Turkey is one of the most earthquake prone areas on Earth and has suffered from 13 earthquakes in the past 70 years.
Continued...
- Turkey's highest mountain, Mount Ararat has two peaks, with Great Ararat reaching 16,945 feet (5,165 meters). The mountain is considered sacred by many people and is believed to be where Noah beached his ark after the great flood.
The People
- The Turkish people are from diverse backgrounds, a reminder of the many different groups that conquered Turkey over thousands of years. The majority of the population lives in cities.
- The people are primarily Sunni Muslim. One fifth of the population is Kurdish (Iranian).
- Children who live on the European side of Istanbul may cross the Bosporus by ferry to visit grandparents in Asia. Turks are family oriented and are very hospitable people. They invite visitors to their homes and make sure they have something to eat and drink before they leave.
People Continued...
- One of their favorite meals is kebab made from grilled lamb. Their diet includes lamb, eggplant, and yogurt. A sweet flavored candy with rose petals called Turkish delight, or lokum, is sold in many flavors and colors.
- To find work, about two million Turks are currently guest workers in Germany and have formed their own communities there.
- Soccer is the most popular sport in Turkey. There are three popular teams based in Istanbul. Turks excel at weightlifting and a form of wrestling called Turkish wrestling.
Nature
- Turkey is a resting location for birds on their migratory journey between their summer and winter homes. They flock to Kus Golu, or Bird Lake in a protected national forest that is surrounded by reed marshes. The first national park in Turkey opened in 1958.
- At one time, Turkey was home to jackals, lynx, wolves, and bears but those animal species are rare now. The Turkish horned viper snake has spikelike scales that poke upward near their eyes.
Nature Continued...
- Once known as Cotton Castle, the white cliffs in Pamukkale in western Turkey are made of a calcium-rich mineral called travertine.
- The cliffs look like a sheet of ice covering a hillside from a distance. A spring flows from pool to pool. The cascade is 1.7 miles (2.7 kilometers) long.
Currency: The Turkish Lira.
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