Definition
Definition
"OCD is characterized by the presence of obessions and/or compulsions." (DSM-V, 235)
"recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted" (DSM-5, 235)
Obsession
Compulsion
"repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an indivudaul feels driven to perform in response to an obession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly." (DSM-5, 235)
Causes
Causes
Biological
polygenic
Genetic
Lewis 1936- OCD patients
37% had parents with OCD
Genetic vulnerability
predisposition
Diathesis-Stress model
All levels of explanation
Stress serves as trigger
Types
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obssessive-Compulsive Disorder
Presence of obessions, compulsions, or both
OCD Diagnostic Criteria
Specifiers
Level of "insight"
Ability to acknowledge awareness of symptoms
Inflated sense of responsibility
Overestimate threats
Sense of perfection
Intolerance toward uncertainty
Good or Fair
"many"
Poor
"some"
Absent/delusional
<5%
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Obsessions/compulsions center around body image
Diagnostic Criteria
- Preoccuptation of perceieved defects or flaws in phsyical apperance
Not percieved by others
slight
- Performance of repetitive behaviors (mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (comparing their appearance with that of others).
- The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (executive)
Hoarding Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria
Hoarding Disorder
Specifiers
80-90% of afflected
Excessive Acquisition
Buying
Free items
Distress caused from inability to acquiesce
Characterized by "clutter"
"...a large group of usually unrelated or marginally related objects piled together in a disorganized fashion in spaces designed for other purposes." (DSM-5, 249)
Causual Factors
Genetic Link
50% of individuals have a relative who hoards.
Stressors/life events
Research has focused on "West"/industrialized nations
Male and females: "are generally comparable...but females tend to display more excessive acquisition, particularly, excessive buying, than do males." (DSM-5, 250)
Differential Diagnosis
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Schziophrenia spectrum
Major depressive episode
Obsessive-compuslive Disorder
Trichotillomania and Excoriation
Trichotillomania and Excoriation
Treatment
Exposure and Response Prevention
Exposure and Response Prevention
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Presents source of anxiety
Slowly work on decreasing response
SSRI
SSRIs
Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors
Relieve anxiety
Crash Course
Case Studies
Discussion
How is OCD commonly misunderstood? Why do you think this is?
When does something become an "obsession"/"compulsion"?
Discussion
In what ways can you help someone with OCD?