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Philippine Art during the Spanish Colonial Regime
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Visual Arts
• The concept of patronage emerged. Artisans were commissioned and paid to carve, engrave, and paint. They replaced the arts that were once done in a communal spirit and community setting for rituals. The church, particularly the friars, became the new patron of the arts.
• Since most art produced during the first two centuries of Spanish occupation were for the church, the friars enforced strict supervision over their production. Until the 19th century, art was only for the church and religious use.
Nineteenth Century
• The 19th century saw a rise of national consciousness among Filipinos. This was brought about by many factors, the most important of which were the economic and political developments resulting from the opening of the Philippine ports to world trade in 1834, as well as the opening of the Suez Canal.
• National consciousness was expressed through the reform movement following in the execution of fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora.
Spanish Colonial Period
Seventeenth Century The propagation of catholic faith could not have been successful without religious paintings, engravings, and sculpture, as well as devotional hymns and verses, the earliest example of literary and musical pieces to which the natives were exposed. Thus, by the middle of 17th century, many natives begun to produce poems, paintings,
and musical compositions which echoed
Western artistic styles. These early colonial
artists were chiefly church clerks, converts
who were prominent in the community
and whom the missionaries had singled out
for their artistic talents. These, together with
the members of the town ruling class, the
cabeza de barangay, who' had the privilege
of being exempted from force labor.
Introduction
When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism, to tell the stories of Christ's life and passion.
MUSIC AND DANCE
• In the 18th century Philippine dances showed considerable European influence.
The contradanza, minuet and the fandango enjoyed a vogue in the islands, but these were interpreted here with willowy grace and light.
• The making of effigies of these religious personages with symbols drew out the fertile imagination of our early carvers and gave them opportunity to represent sercular matters.
POETRY
Philippine Art during the Spanish Colonial Regime
The friars published devotional and catechetical books to proselytize the colonized people, as well as grammar books and vernacular-Spanish dictionaries and incorporated into these publications the first example of vernacular poetry to be printed in the Roman Alphabet.
• Example :
"Salamat ng Uolang Hoyang" (Unending Thanks) of Pedro Suarez Ossorio.
Metrical Romance
• At first the only reading matter approved by the friars was the life of Christ and the saints.
• A metrical tale composed of octosyllabic verses called corrido, to be distinguished from the awit which is made of disyllabic lines.
Eighteenth Century
• In the first two centuries of
colonization, the local Spanish Government depended upon the trade of Chinese silk with Mexican silver - the Galleon Trade - for its instance and subsistence.
• Although it is true that the Spaniards and the Chinese were the ones who benefited from the trade, the profits reached the natives in the course of by-and-sell of their farm products.
• Progress of some sort, therefore touched even the rural areas; within a span of a hundred years, the original mission settlements flourished into big towns. In the resulting growth of socialization, the Principalia unabashedly copied Spanish customs as symbols of their rising status. Intermarriage with Spanish and Mexican soldiers further added to the hispanization of our culture.