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Sources:
http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/index.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matthew-Arnold/Arnold-as-critic
http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/matthew-arnold_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/
https://www.enotes.com/topics/matthew-arnold
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/matthew-arnold
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/matthew-arnold-273.php#personal-life-&-legacy
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3066466-empedocles-on-etna-and-other-poems
https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/empedocles-etna
https://psyartjournal.com/article/show/e_agar -matthew_arnolds_literary_suicide_reparat
https://www.gradesaver.com/matthew-arnold-poems/study-guide/summary-to-marguerite-continued-1852
https://www.enotes.com/topics/marguerite-continued/in-depth
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/topic/marguerite-continued
https://www.academicdestressor.com/analysis-of-to-marguerite-by-matthew-arnold/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oowFsphFNik
https://englicist.com/notes/dover-beach-matthew-arnold
https://owlcation.com/humanities/Summary-and-Analysis-of-Poem-Dover-Beach-by-Matthew-Arnold
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmdIfkiIuSo
Matthew Arnold
dies in Liverpool
teacher at Rugby School, private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, Inspector of Schools and Professor of Poetry
CHILDHOOD AND EARLY YEARS:
Born in Laleham, England
AS AN ESSAYIST:
On Translating Homer (1861)
Essays In Criticism (1865-1868)
Culture And Anarchy (1869)
POETIC PHASE:
Empedocles on Etna and other poems (1852)
Poems: a new edition (1853)
New Poems (1867)
RELIGIOUS PHASE
St. Paul and protestantism (1870)
God and the Bible (1875)
Last Essays on Church and Religion (1877)
studies in Oxford and Oriel; first poetic achievements:
"Cromwell"
Contrasts and disunity
Pursuit of perfection
Three divisions:
1852
Dramatic poem
490 BC, Sicily - 430 BC, Greece
"From such honor and such a height of fortune am I, thus fallen to earth, cast down amongst mortals."
“No, thou art come too late, Empedocles!
And the world hath the day, and must break thee,
Not thou the world. With men thou canst not live,
Their thoughts, their ways, their wishes, are not thine;
And being lonely thou art miserable,
For something has impair'd they spirit's strength,
And dried its self-sufficing font of joy.”
Empedocles on Etna
A poem of isolation
Yes! in the sea of life enisled,
With echoing straits between us thrown,
Dotting the shoreless watery wild,
We mortal millions live alone.
The islands feel the enclasping flow,
And then their endless bounds they know.
But when the moon their hollows lights,
And they are swept by balms of spring,
And in their glens, on starry nights,
The nightingales divinely sing;
And lovely notes, from shore to shore,
Across the sounds and channels pour—
Oh! then a longing like despair
Is to their farthest caverns sent;
For surely once, they feel, we were
Parts of a single continent!
Now round us spreads the watery plain—
Oh might our marges meet again!
Who order'd, that their longing's fire
Should be, as soon as kindled, cool'd?
Who renders vain their deep desire?—
A God, a God their severance ruled!
And bade betwixt their shores to be
The unplumb'd, salt, estranging sea.
1867
The sea is calm to-night.
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the straits; – on the French coast the light
Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!
Only, from the long line of spray
Where the sea meets the moon-blanch’d land,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
Analysis
496 BC, Colonus - 406 BC, Athens
"Man knows no other happiness than the one he is imagining, and then, once the illusion is over, he falls into the pain of all time."