Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Behaviorist Approach\
251
Behaviorist Approach\
Learning Theory
Behaviorist Approach
Its better to look at the things that are:
Behaviorist Approach
Based on the idea that learners respond to stimuli in their environment.
- They look at behavior
- How they are acting
- What they are doing
Why its called Learning Theory:
If there is no change in the behaviour, it is clear that learning doesn’t take place
Its better to look at the things that are:
Observable
Measurable
Replicable
They do not look at thinking (the thinking pattern that are going on)
(Mind is not a term used by most of the behaviorists.
unlike cognitive approach, which does look at the thinking processes
they believe behavior is the most important
Why its called Learning Theory:
(use interchangeably behaviorist approach or learning theory)
The vast majority of what we do and how we act
comes from our environment & we learn it.
Experiences and environment
constitute a human’s personality.
We are born as a blank slate. people not good or bad from birth
Theories within Behaviorist approach
Organism is conditioned (to give a certain reaction) by environmental stimuli in learning.
Theories within Behaviorist approach
- Classical conditioning
learning through association. associate one thing to another
+ IMAGE NO.1
The Media use of classical conditioning + IMAGE NO.2
- Operant conditioning
Is learning through reward and punishment
pavlov's dog experiment
pavlov's dog experiment
The Media use of classical conditioning
The Media use of classical conditioning
The basis of the theory of behaviorism
- Humans can be trained to produce certain behavior in response to certain stimuli
- The more often the response is stimulated
- The stronger is the training
Based on the idea that learners respond to stimuli in their environment.
PROS AND CONS
PROS AND CONS
We learn much of what we know from the stimulus-response model
Behaviorism is often is used by school teachers
who reward or punish student behaviors.
Behaviorist approach is teacher centered
learners have little freedom to choose how and at what pace they learn
Reaction
and
Stimulus
Most behaviorists believe that people’s qualities such as feeling, idea, motivation cannot be observed or measured directly and so they cannot be handled and studied scientifically. Organism is a “black box.” What goes in (stimulus) and what comes from (reaction) the box is measurable and observable. However, what is going on in the box cannot be understood. So, it is not included in the subjects of psychology.
Reaction
Reaction
Behaviorist psychologists are also called S-R theorists. In this relationship, reaction is a behaviour displayed by the organism to a stimulus.
Stimulus
Stimulus is composed of changes in the internal and external states that move the organism. For a
great part of behaviorist approach, this change of state is mostly external. They may not deal with
internal changes of state.
Stimulus
Skinner's thought of learning
Learning according to Skinner's theory
Skinner thought that verbal behaviours of people were different from animals. Although people are different from animals in terms of verbal behaviours, acquiring verbal behaviours depend on the same rules as other types of behaviours. As is the case with other behaviours, a person acquires language through a system of reinforcing correct use of language and not reinforcing incorrect use of language. This idea also lies behind children’s repeating their mistakes. If adults meet incorrect pronunciation of a child with pleasure, the child will tend to repeat this mistake.
behavior modification
behavior modification
This approach expresses changing human behaviours through developed rules and principles, and it especially uses positive reinforcement.
A very common example of this is the case of a child who cried to get what she/he wants. If what the child wants is bought, the possibility of the child to cry in order to get what she/he wants at a later time. Because what he/she wants is bought when she/he cries. However, it is a more preferable case to reward the child when she/he doesn’t cry.
IQ Zoo programmes
IQ Zoo programmes
In these programmes, there are animals that dance with music, that pull a paper of luck and gives it to a person, that get on some kinds of vehicles that roll a Wheel. 6000 animals have been trained and used in different sectors in USA at some time.
programmed instruction
programmed instruction
Programmed instruction means directing a student by means of reinforcing his/her responses given to teaching materials in a manner of small progresses. Although it was not successful in early 1960s when it was first developed, it is used in a very effective way with the development of computers today.
The student is exposed some questions and he/she is allowed to go on only if she/he gives the correct answer. Thus, the student can pass to higher levels as he/she learns. Programmed instruction, which can be defined as reinforcing the suitable behaviour of a student, is one of the most important contributions of Skinner to education.
Learners Assessment and Evaluation
Learners Assessed and Evaluated
Assessment Evaluated
Assessment Evaluated
Reward & Punishment (say well done , buy gift)
The assessed and evaluated by whom
Evaluation depend on the Environment (teachers , Parents, boss)
The assessed and evaluated by whom
References:
References
1- Science and human behavior. book (B.F. Skinner)
2-Learning and teaching : theories, approaches and models. chapter 2: Behaviourist Approach. Prof. Dr. Hasan Bacanlı
3-Skinner, B.F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Macmillan.
4-Skinner, B.F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.