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Ch 4 A Healthy Life

1. Starches are considered to be what type of nutrient?

2. What are the building blocks of proteins?

3. Which type of fat is more dangerous?

4. List 3 things that vitamin A does for your body.

5. Which vitamin helps your immune system?

6. Which mineral is used in your bones, blood, and muscles?

7. What mineral enables the blood to carry oxygen?

8. Which type of exercise is most beneficial?

9. How long should you maintain your training heart rate during aerobic exercise?

10. How many hours of sleep should you get each night?

4.1

Treating Your Body Right

Diet

Diet

  • Carbohydrates- sugars and starches; important source of energy
  • Simple- only have one or two linked sugar molecules
  • Polysaccharides- starches; long chains of glucose units attached together
  • Starches are broken down into glucose
  • Fiber- polysaccharide similar to a starch but cannot be broken down by your body into sugar; cleans the intestinal walls as it moves through
  • Protein- used to build and repair the body's cells; help to build enzymes that regulate the body's chemical activities
  • Amino acid- building blocks of DNA; form proteins
  • Fat-part of a group of nutrients called lipids; transport vitamins through the bloodstream create an extra supply of energy and prevent dry skin.
  • Saturated fat- found in food made from animal products; dangerous when eaten in large amounts
  • Unsaturated fat- usually found in oil; can be broken down easier by the digestive system,

  • Vitamins- nutrients that originate from living things
  • A- essential for normal growth, good eyesight, healthy skin; found from milk, cheese, eggs, liver, dark greens etc
  • C- maintains your connective tissue, helps immune system, develops strong bones and teeth; found in fresh fruit and veggies
  • B- eight complex vitamins; change food into energy
  • Minerals- nutrients that originate from nonliving materials
  • Calcium- promotes strong bones
  • Potassium- helps muscles move correctly and maintain the water balance of the body's cells
  • Iron- a nutrient found in lean meats, egg yolks, whole grains, and dried fruits; enables the blood to carry oxygen around the body

Exercise

Exercise

  • Anerobic exercise- exercise that usually requires strength and speed but does not maintain a raised heart rate.
  • Aerobic exercise- helps your body more by strengthening your heart and lungs and by burning excess body fat.
  • Hypertrophy- enlargement of your muscles
  • Atrophy- reduction of your muscles
  • Never force your muscles beyond what they are able to do

Sleep

Sleep

Most people in their early teen years need about 8-10 hours of sleep every night!!!!

5. What is the layer of dead skin cells found at the base of the nail?

6. What disease is caused by acid attacking enamel?

7. What protein fills the cells of your hair?

4.2

1. What is the main reason to maintain a good physical appearance?

2. How often should you bathe?

3. What structures in the dermis help your body stay cool?

4. Name the disease in which many oil glands become infected.

Outward Appearance

Grooming

Grooming

  • Without daily bathing, bacteria will grow on the body and prevent healthy skin.
  • Sweat glands- contained in the dermis; helps your body stay cool
  • Skin care
  • Sebacious glands- oil glands; in the dermis; produce larger amounts of sebum(oily substance)
  • Pimples- white or black mounds in the skin when the glands are built up
  • Acne- when many glands become infected
  • A person should wash his hand frequently
  • Fingernails should be kept neat and trimmed
  • Cuticles- layer of dead skin cells at the base of your nail
  • Hangnails- splits in the cuticle
  • Ingrown toenails- one side of the nail grown into the skin
  • Dental
  • Plaque- think sticky film formed by bacteria in your mouth;prevented by brushing and flossing.
  • Hair
  • Keratin- protein that grows hair and nails strong
  • Should be kept clean and free of oil and regular shampooing.

1. Name the tiniest types of pathogens.

2. Which major group of diseases is not caused by pathogens?

3. What system of the body does AIDS attack?

4. What is the most common type of disease that affects the immune system?

5. What condition clogs the coronary arteries with fatty deposits?

6. What disease form malignant tumors?

4.3

Introducing Diseases

Causes

Causes

  • Bacteria- enter the body and infect and cause strep throat, tuberculosis and pneumonia
  • Viruses- tiniest pathogens that cause colds, influenzas, and chicken pox
  • Infectious disease- spread from person to person
  • Noninfectious disease- not caused by pathogens and do not spread from person to person
  • Congenital disease- diseases that a person is born with
  • Caused by factors such as inherited traits, improper nutrition, or malfunctioning cells

Pathogens

  • Most infectious diseases can spread through infected people and animals or contaminated food or water
  • Vectors- infected animals that spread disease

Pathogens

Common Diseases

Common Diseases

  • Infectious
  • Common cold
  • AIDS- caused by the immunodeficiency virus or HIV; attacks the immune system and prevents the body from fighting pathogens
  • Noninfectious
  • Allergies- occurs when the immune system becomes over sensitive to allergens
  • Cardiovascular disease- leading cause of death in the USA
  • Heart attack- occurs when the coronary arteries supplying hte heart become blocked.
  • Coronary artery disease- atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries; major cause of a heart attack
  • Cancer- occurs when some of the bodies cells begin to diveide and grow at an abnormally fast pace and take over the nutrients that normal cells need; forms malignant tumors

4.4

Drug Abuse

4.4 Drug Abuse

1. What does OTC stand for?

2. What group of drugs comes from opium poppy?

3. Which hallucinogen is the most prevalent illegal drug in the US?

4. What are three commonly abused stimulants?

5. What substnace coats a smoker's lungs when he smokes a cigarette?

6. Name 3 types of depressants.

7. What organ does alcohol most noticeable affect?

8. Who can best help you stay away from illegal drugs?

Drugs and their Effects

  • Drug- a substance taken into your body that causes changes in the body
  • OTC dugs- over the counter drugs; purchased with a perscribption
  • Misused- used without following the prescribed directions
  • Abused- intentionally used for nonmedical purposes.
  • Tolerance- occurs when a drug user's body becomes accustomed to the durg and requires increased doses to produce the same effect.
  • Dependence- when the body or mind requires the drug in order to function correctly
  • Withdrawl - a painful and sometimes deadly sickness that occurs when a dependence causing drug is no longer taken

Commonly Abused Drugs

  • Narcotics- drugs derived from the opium poppy plant; cauuse drowsiness and often give the user a brief feeling of well being(high)
  • Heroin- completely illegal because it is extremely addictive
  • Hallucinognes- affect the sense and lead to hallucinations
  • Marijuana- most prevalent illegal drug in the US
  • Stimulants- speeds up the body's nervous system, causing the lungs to work faster, the heart rate and blood pressure to rise, and the body to feel more energetic and alert
  • Cocaine- most powerful natrual stimulant; found usually in white powder form
  • Crack- impure form of cocaine that is even more powerful than pure cocaine.
  • Methaamphetamine- causes severe effects on nervous, cardivascular, and respiratory systems
  • Nicotine- commonly abused stimulant found in tobacco products including cigarettes, snuff, and chewing tobacco
  • Depressants- drugs that slow body functions
  • Alcohol- devastating effect on US and other countries
  • 40% of deaths that occur in traffic accidents are the result of people driving under the influence
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