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Person-Centered Therapy

Steph Ellis-Dearborn

Founder of this Theory

Founder

Dr. Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) was a prominent psychologist who was a pioneer for humanistic theory.

He agreed with much of Maslow's work - such as the hierarchy of needs and a person's desire for basic needs to be met in order to have the ability to grow and progress on their own.

Interesting Facts!

* This theory is also called client-centered or "Rogerian" theory.

* After finishing his bachelors degree, Rogers was a student at Union Theological Seminary in New York City when he realized his passion for psychology and began to pursue that instead.

* His first professional role was director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, which shows he was a compassionate man.

History of this Theory

History

Even by the time Rogers wrote his first book, "Counseling and Psychotherapy" (1942), things quickly began to evolve from leading the client through the session into client-led sessions.

Timeline:

1940-1950 nondirective

1950-1957 reflective, "client-centered counseling"

1957-1970 experiential, based on conditions

1974+ "person-centered therapy"

Major Tenets of this Theory

Ideas

Rogers' person-centered theory is nearly the exact opposite of Sigmund Freud's approach that everyone has unconcious thoughts and feelings that are repressed and need to be released.

The Importance of "Self"

Self

Self-concept - "derived from experiences involving one’s own body or resulting from one’s own actions" (Wilson, 2021).

Self-esteem, or how one feels about oneself, is an important factor as well

Congruence

Congruence

Congruence is the "matching between self-concept and organismic experience" or the "correspondence between awareness and experience" (Wilson, 2021)... basically your thoughts and your actions align!

Seven Steps to Therapy

7 Steps

Sessions once or twice a week... avoid contact in between to avoid dependence.

1. Avoidance

2. Feel

3. Question

4. Denial

5. Express

6. Accept

7. Aware

Techniques of this Theory

Techniques

The most important technique for progess within this theory is based on a solid interpersonal relationship with the client!

"Trust" within the relationship

Trust

Trust works both ways as it would in a normal relationship, however...

-Client trusts therapist in the natural way

BUT

-therapist must trust that client's ability to achieve their goals and grow

Empathy

Empathy

Showing true empathy towards the client's thoughts, feelings, and experiences is one of the most important aspects of this therapy technique. If the therapist can be nonevaluative and accepting then they can attempt to see the world the way the client does.

Congruence in therapy

Congruence

Just like the client is aiming for congruence of self, the therapist is working to be accepting and genuine by allowing their inward and outward language to align.

Applications of this Theory

Applications

* One-on-one therapy sessions

* Group therapy sessions (professional therapy and personal growth groups)

* Human-relations trainings - this can include professionals in office or school settings or volunteers such as YMCA or crisis centers

References

References

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Carl Rogers. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-Rogers

Mcleod, S. (1970, January 1). Carl Rogers' humanistic theory of personality development. Carl Rogers: Founder of the Humanistic Approach to Psychology. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html

Mcleod, S. (1970, January 1). Psychoanalysis: An overview of Freud's psychoanalytic therapy. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html

Wilson, G. L. (2021). Person-centered therapy (PCT). Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.

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