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Steph Ellis-Dearborn
Dr. Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) was a prominent psychologist who was a pioneer for humanistic theory.
He agreed with much of Maslow's work - such as the hierarchy of needs and a person's desire for basic needs to be met in order to have the ability to grow and progress on their own.
* This theory is also called client-centered or "Rogerian" theory.
* After finishing his bachelors degree, Rogers was a student at Union Theological Seminary in New York City when he realized his passion for psychology and began to pursue that instead.
* His first professional role was director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, which shows he was a compassionate man.
Even by the time Rogers wrote his first book, "Counseling and Psychotherapy" (1942), things quickly began to evolve from leading the client through the session into client-led sessions.
Timeline:
1940-1950 nondirective
1950-1957 reflective, "client-centered counseling"
1957-1970 experiential, based on conditions
1974+ "person-centered therapy"
Rogers' person-centered theory is nearly the exact opposite of Sigmund Freud's approach that everyone has unconcious thoughts and feelings that are repressed and need to be released.
Self-concept - "derived from experiences involving one’s own body or resulting from one’s own actions" (Wilson, 2021).
Self-esteem, or how one feels about oneself, is an important factor as well
Congruence is the "matching between self-concept and organismic experience" or the "correspondence between awareness and experience" (Wilson, 2021)... basically your thoughts and your actions align!
Sessions once or twice a week... avoid contact in between to avoid dependence.
1. Avoidance
2. Feel
3. Question
4. Denial
5. Express
6. Accept
7. Aware
The most important technique for progess within this theory is based on a solid interpersonal relationship with the client!
Trust works both ways as it would in a normal relationship, however...
-Client trusts therapist in the natural way
BUT
-therapist must trust that client's ability to achieve their goals and grow
Showing true empathy towards the client's thoughts, feelings, and experiences is one of the most important aspects of this therapy technique. If the therapist can be nonevaluative and accepting then they can attempt to see the world the way the client does.
Just like the client is aiming for congruence of self, the therapist is working to be accepting and genuine by allowing their inward and outward language to align.
* One-on-one therapy sessions
* Group therapy sessions (professional therapy and personal growth groups)
* Human-relations trainings - this can include professionals in office or school settings or volunteers such as YMCA or crisis centers
Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Carl Rogers. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-Rogers
Mcleod, S. (1970, January 1). Carl Rogers' humanistic theory of personality development. Carl Rogers: Founder of the Humanistic Approach to Psychology. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html
Mcleod, S. (1970, January 1). Psychoanalysis: An overview of Freud's psychoanalytic therapy. Retrieved November 22, 2022, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html
Wilson, G. L. (2021). Person-centered therapy (PCT). Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.