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Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
3
Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
Cardinale et al. 2012
Six consensus statements
& trends
Biodiversity & Ecosystem Function
Biodiversity vs. Ecosystem Function
Biodiv.
vs
Eco.Func.
Biodiversity loss reduces the efficiency by which communities maintain ecosystem functions.
Consistency across groups suggests general underlying principle.
Stability
Biodiversity increases the stability of ecosystem functions
Ecosystem
stability
Saturating relationship
The impact of biodiversity on any single ecosystem process is nonlinear and saturating.
Change accelerates as biodiversity loss increases.
Saturating
relationship
Identity plays a role
Both, the identity and the diversity of organisms jointly control the functioning of ecosystems
The role of
Identity
Food Web
Food web interactions are key mediators of ecosystem functioning.
Food web
Functional traits of organisms have varied impacts on the magnitude of ecosystem functions.
Variation
in
impact
4 emerging trends
Trends
1- Impacts of diversity loss comparable with other global drivers
2-Danger to underestimate "short" experiments
3- Sustaining multiple ecosystem func.
needs more species.
4- Prediction from evolutionary history
General result
Simplification
1
Structure, composition, functioning
Reduction
Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services
2
Of certain regulating services
Loss of biodiversity
3
Result
BEF + BES
"There is now sufficient evidence that biodiversity per se either directly influences or is strongly correlated with certain provisioning and regulating services."
Integration
BEF focuses on functions
BES focuses on services
A necessary but challenging task to
integrate these dimensions