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HOW

WHY

WHEn

The Greek

mind

Mr. McIsaac

Greece was Remarkable

Many new fields of study were explored:

Philosophy, History, and Science

Main Idea

WHAT

Loved Philosophy

- means "love of wisdom

Sophists

  • traveling teachers
  • public speaking, debate, and other subjects
  • were paid for teaching

Philosophers

Scorates

  • Believed in absolute truth
  • Asking questions
  • Universities still use "Socratic Method"

Plato

Socrates Best Student

  • Used Socrates as a foundation of his ideas
  • Science, "good" goverment and morals
  • The Republic most famous writing
  • Philosopher kings

Aristotle

  • Plato's Best Student
  • Studied government, science and morals
  • taugh Alexander the Great
  • Influenced Scientific thought until the middle ages

Why was Socrates critical of the Sophists?

He believed that truth and knowledge are within each person, he did not think it was right for the Sophists to charge money for teaching.

What was the effect of the Peloponnesian War on political and intellectual freedom in Athens?

What was the effect of the Peloponnesian War on political and intellectual freedom ...

It limited freedoms greatly. The government had much more control over what people could say and do publicly. Thinkers such as Socrates died for their beliefs.

Why do you think the new leaders thought Socrates was dangerous?

He sought knowledge by questioning and thinking freely, Socrates was a threat to the city’s rulers.

Why did Plato dislike democracy and want the government to be run by philosoph...

Why did Plato dislike democracy and want the government to be run by philosopher kings?

Plato distrusted the common people, whom he thought could not think for themselves. He believed that intelligent, educated thinker-kings were the only people who were fit to rule.

Sciences

History

Herodotus and Thucydides

  • Historians
  • Made sure their accounts of events were accurate

Scientists

  • Rational explanation for natural events (phenomena)
  • Numbers (math and geometry) ruled the universe

Medicine

Hippocrates

  • Believed natural causes led to disease
  • "Father of medicine
  • Hippocratic Oath

Medicine

My IQ?

IQ

Why was this period known as "the Golden Age?"

Why was this period known as "the Golden Age?"

It was a time of great artistic achievement and because gold is a valuable metal, symbolic of something valuable or wonderful

about how long did the gold age of greece last?

about how long did the gold age of greece last?

About 150 years

What makes Thucydides an ideal person to write about history?

What makes Thucydides an ideal person to write about history?

Since Thucydides was a general in the military, he witnessed events himself and, therefore, had firsthand knowledge of historical events.

Compare and contrast Herodotus and Thucydides

Compare and contrast Herodotus and Thucydides

Similar

  • questioned people to find the truth
  • investigated the truthfulness of their sources
  • both believed you could learn about the present by understanding the past

Different

Herodotus

Gods could affect human history

Thucydides

People made their own history

visted places where events had occurred

Only accepted eyewitness accounts

IDEAS

Alexander's Empire

Philip II

Philip II

The King of Macedonia, in the northern area of Greece

Admired Greek culture

Wanted to expand Macedonia and rule Greece

Greek City states

  • Week because of Peloponnesian War
  • Demosthenes opposed, but too late
  • Many joined against Macedonia
  • Lost Battle of Chaeronea
  • Macedonia controlled most of Greece

Alexander

At 16 commander in Army

At 20 king

battled the Persians

Defeated Egypt

Founded many cities - Alexandria

Died at 32 - Debate

Legacy

Political

  • Expanded Greek and Macedonian Culture
  • Hellenistic kingdoms

Economics

  • Persian gold and silver
  • standardization of currency

Cultural

  • spread Greek art and thought
  • created hybrid Hellenistic culture

Hellenistic era

  • Created as Alexander spread Greek culture to places they conquered
  • After he died, his empire was divided into 4 kingdoms
  • Alexandria the largest city in the mediterranean world
  • Greek culture continued to spread as Hellenistic kingdoms conquered new lands

Hellenistic Age

  • Influenced cultures
  • Hellenistic means "like the Greeks"

Main Idea

  • Alexandria an major, important city in Mediterranean region
  • Hellenistic rulers paid Greek architects and sculptors to plan and create statures in Greek style
  • Hellenistic sculptures realistic
  • Valued literature and theater - produced comedies, not tragedies.

Hellenistic World

  • Time after Alexander to ??
  • Greek culture spread in "known" world
  • Cities become centers of art, phgilosophy and discovery

Thinkers and Scientists

Achieved many scientific "firsts" in geometry and astronomy

Epicureans

Beliefs

  • Physical pleasure, like good food and comfortable surroundings brought happiness
  • avoid pain, worry
  • spend time with friends
  • happiness is the goal of life

Problem

  • "money brings happiness"

Stoics

Beliefs

  • reason and sound thinking brought happiness
  • do not be guided by emotions
  • live simply
  • serve your community
  • use sound thinking to make decisions
  • do your duty

Problem

  • Pleasure?

Writers

Appolonius of Rhodes

  • wrote about Jason and the golden fleece

Theocritus

  • wrote short poems about nature

Menander

  • wrote humorous plays

Other Notabale

Scientists

archimedes

  • Scientist and inventor
  • found the value of Pi - area of circles

archimedes

aristarchus

  • Astronomer and mathematician
  • Sun was the center of the solar system
  • "Heliocentric" = sun-centered

aristarchus

Eratosthenes

  • Measured earth's circumference
  • triangles and the summer solstice

Eratosthenes

Hypatia

  • The "1st" female Scholar
  • taught philosophy and mathematics in Alexandia
  • Advised a student in creating the astrolab
  • Her work laid foundation of astronomy until Galileo

GReece and Rome

  • the Hellenistic Kingdoms shared a culture
  • Always in conflict
  • Rome was a "Greek" city-state
  • Some Greek-city states and colonies tried to prevent the rise of Rome

Question Time

How are the sculptures of human figures different from those in the Golden A...

How are the sculptures of human figures different from those in the Golden Age of Greece?

The figures are more realistic. They show more emotion and movement.

What point of view did Hellenistic rulers have about Greek culture?

They admired Greek culture and Greek cities, such as Athens, and wanted their cities to reflect that culture.

How was Aristarchus’ model of the solar system different than earlier scientists?

Before this, astronomers believed that Earth was the center of the universe.

Why was Aristarchus’ model of the solar system important?

Because it showed that Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun, and he was the first scientist to develop this theory

Why might Eratosthenes have wanted to find Earth’s circumference?

  • Help with navigation
  • Trade
  • map making
  • Any other ideas?

What does Hypatia symbolize?

Hypatia symbolizes female learning and scholarship.

How and why was Hypatia killed?

An angry religious mob, fearing that her teachings were against the teachings of Christianity, killed Hypatia.

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