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World War I was one of the most bloodiest wars in history, with an estimated 20-40 million deaths (Spanish Flu contributed) and 7-15 million refugees around the world. During the 5 year war period, many countries were fighting one another, sewing chaos and destruction in people’s lives. Millions were forced to flee the violence to safer countries. Countries that received massive amounts of refugees were overcrowded, often meaning that conditions in camps weren’t great. These refugees’ lives were uprooted and added enormous obstacles for them to get back to their normal life. The sheer amount of death, refugees, and violence in this war dwarfed any war that came before, and still remains one of the most decimating war in history.
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler started his dream of conquering the world by invading Poland in 1939. Over the next few years, his ruthless ethnic cleansing around Europe uprooted millions of people from their homes. Approximately 40-60 million people were displaced from their homes during World War II. Many ended up in Nazi concentration camps, and those who were lucky ended up in refugee camps set up by neighboring nations. Almost all of these refugees were malnourished, ill, and were in need of supplies. With the war coming to a close, there was no good solution to return millions of refugees back to their homeland. As years passed, millions of refugees were repatriated back to their homelands, but a significant amount could not go back, effectively making them homeless.
India gained independence in 1947, with the British handing over control to the people. The British allowed India independence with the Indian Independence Act. The Indian Independence Act split India into two - India and Pakistan, with Hindus meant to live in India and Muslims intended for Pakistan. As Hindus moved to India and Muslims to Pakistan, chaos followed. Many people not already living in the designated areas had to decide whether to stay in their homes and potentially face future persecution or move to another region. This caused massive displacement as people traveled across the country to their new homes. With chaos comes violence, as hundreds of thousands were murdered, tortured and raped while migrating to their new home. This issue is furthermore exacerbated today with refugee camps still full and tensions high between areas that were affected the most by the partition.
The UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Work Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) is a sub-organization of the United Nations that was created to serve Palestinian refugees. Due to major conflict in Palestine in 1948, millions of Palestinians were left without a home. The UNRWA was thus established in 1949 to combat the issues resulting from the Palestinian crisis, especially helping refugees and descendants of refugees from the Palestinian war. In addition to Palestine, the UNRWA has assisted other countries with lots of refugees such as other Middle Eastern countries. To this date, the UNRWA has worked tirelessly to achieve these goals.
The Korean War began in June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, and it lasted until an armistice was signed in 1953. North Korea was backed by the Soviet Union and China, while South Korea was supported by the United Nations, primarily the United States. Many of the refugees, numbering 650,000, from the Korean War were North Koreans fleeing persecution who traveled to South Korea. Though the exodus of refugees fleeing North Korea ended when the Korean War ended, in more recent times relatively large numbers of people have been illegally crossing the border to escape the repressive North Korean regime; in 2009 nearly 3,000 refugees managed to cross the border into the democratic South Korea. Consequences for being caught, however, are severe, limiting the number of refugees who attempt to escape North Korea in the present day.
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international agreement that defines who is a refugee. It lists the rights of people who are granted asylum in a different country. The conventions also states the responsibilities of the countries taking in the refugees. This is relevant to today’s refugees because governments all around the world still base what they think a refugee is. And how they should help them.
The Bangladesh Liberation War was started when an independence movement in East Pakistan. In response, a West Pakistani military faction launched Operation Searchlight, an operation aimed at curbing the movement, and started the Bangladesh Genocide. An estimated 300,00-3,00,000 people died during the Bangladesh Genocide, with around 10 million refugees fleeing the country. Many left due to murder, rape, and torturing and moved to India. Even though Bangladesh gained independence, it came at a cost of lives. To this day, the Bangladesh Liberation War has caused the third most amount of refugees in the world.
This was a war for independence from the French. Tensions started building after the world wars when the French made empty promises to the people for better reforms. This made the people mad and they fought for their freedom. This caused 3.5 million Algerians to be displaced which is an insane 41% of the population.
Although this conflict was internal, each side in this conflict was supported by the United States or the Soviet Union. With the Soviet Union supporting the communist government and the US supporting the rebels This conflict was part of the superpowers trying to spread their ideology. Mozambique got caught in this Cold War fight and because of this 1.7 million Mozambicans fled the country and another 4.5 million were internally marooned. However after the war most refugees returned to the country.
This war started in late December in 1979 with the Soviet Union invading Afghanistan to support the communist party against anti communist rebels. Due to this invasion of Afghanistan an estimated 6 million people ran away from Afghanistan. These people fled to all around the world but mainly to the neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan. To this day around 2 million Afghanis are still displaced in these countries.
The Great Lakes Refugee Crisis is the name for the forced migration of millions of Rwandans to other countries following the Rwandan genocide. Since Rwandan independence in 1961, there has been a lot of tension between the Hutu and Tutsi, the two major ethnic groups. In April 1994, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a group led by Tutsis, forcing the mass emigration of Hutus. Immediately afterward, over 500,000 Hutus left the country in one of the fastest refugee exoduses of recent history. Other countries and the UN attempted to give help to the newly-formed refugee camps; France established hospitals, the Netherlands contributed healthcare professionals, and the United States donated equipment. Ultimately, the refugee crisis ended in 1996, when countries hosting refugee camps, particularly Tanzania, declared that the refugees must return to Rwanda.
The Syrian civil war began in 2011 with civilian protests against the government of dictator Bashar al-Assad, and the conflict continues into the present. Due to the civil war, 6.8 million Syrians have become refugees and another 6.7 million are now internally displaced. Refugees from the war have fled to over 130 different countries, but the majority have settled in nearby nations including Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan. This event has been called one of the worst humanitarian crises of recent times as much of Syria, formerly a stable country, is now in ruins. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profoundly negative impact on refugee camps in Syria: the tightly packed conditions of these camps facilitate the quick spread of the coronavirus. The Syrian refugee crisis is a constantly-developing issue that does not appear to be going away anytime soon.
The Red Cross is a non profit organization that helps all types of people. They started helping refugees and migrants. They started with helping refugees in countries like Syria and neighboring countries. They've spent over $2.6 million helping refugees and migrants from those countries. And another $1.2 million for migrants in Europe.
In this bill, proposed by Congress in 2019, the United States declared that it would aid in the protection of refugees. Additionally, this bill includes provisions stating that unaccompanied children will receive legal representation and that families will be kept together at all costs whenever possible. This act also protects the interests of refugees and asylum seekers, providing them with more just treatment. This act dramatically changed the way the United States deals with refugees for the better.
Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, causing chaos, violence, and a refugee crisis. With the invasion of Ukraine, approximately 5.3 million Ukrainians have fled the country to neighboring European nations, Poland bearing the brunt of the crisis. 7.1 million people have also been internally displaced in Ukraine, causing mass chaos in the country. As the invasion continues, more and more Ukrainians are fleeing from the violence, adding to the already devastational refugee crisis. This is a constantly-developing issue and the amount of refugees fleeing Ukraine will only increase as the war drags on.
Refugee: is someone who is forcibly displaced for a reason they can’t do much about.
UNHCR: The UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) was created in the 1950s to help refugees in result of World War II. Ever since, UNHCR have been helping refugees worldwide.
Asylum-seeker: A refugee/person who has been forcibly removed from their home country due to oppression, violence, and other reasons,and seeks for asylum in another country.
Internally-displaced person: Is a person who can’t live in there home in their own country
Migrant: someone who moved countries for their own gain not because they had to
UNRWA: The UNRWA was created in 1949 to help Palastin Refugees in the Middle East. They provide health care, relief, and other necessities in the Middle East, and continue to run operations there today.
Nationality: the country where you live
Refugee camp: a place where refugees go who can’t find somewhere to live and need a place to stay and have food
Genocide: a killing or attempted killing of a entire race or types of people
Persecution: wrongful treatment against people due to religion, nationality, and political beliefs.