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Johann Friedrich Herbart​

  • German philosopher who lived between 1776 ​ and 1841.​

  • major contributions toward the development of educational pedagogy​

  • Known as the founding father of modern educational theory and psychology​

  • A theory of education popularly known as Herbartianism​

  • According to him, the knowledge to the pupils should be given from outside. ​

1

Steps of lesson Planning​

Herbartian planning of lesson

1

Preperation​

PREPERATION​

  • The Teacher makes the pupils ready for the new lesson.​

  • Helps students relate to the new learning materials to their existing memories​

  • Process of relating the material to be learned to relevant past ideas

  • create interest in the pupils for the topic under consideration.​

2

Presentation​

Presentation​

  • Teacher presents the new learning material.​

  • The material may be revealed, explained, demonstrated or illustrated. ​

  • The teacher presents new lesson to the learners, introducing them to the concepts. ​

  • Various teaching aids are used and both teacher and students participate in the teaching and learning process.​

3

Association​

Association​

  • A comparison of new ideas to new existing thoughts.​

  • Students associate the new ideas with previously learned or gained skills in the learning process. ​

  • Assimilation of the new idea through comparison and contrast with former ideas in order to implant the new idea in the minds of the students.​

  • The step is important when the teacher is establishing principles or generalizing definitions.​

4

Generalization​

Generalization​

  • The learner frames some general principles or rules. ​

  • It helps students to link the learned concepts to real-world examples.​

  • Students should be encouraged to come to the correct conclusions on their own​

  • The pupils’ generalization may sometimes be incomplete and wrongly stated. ​

  • The teacher should help them to complete and correct.​

5

Application​

Application​

  • Involves the use of acquired knowledge such that every idea learned becomes a part of the functional mind​

  • It means using acquired knowledge in new situations.​

  • It tests and ensures that the pupils have learned the new lesson.​

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