Johann Friedrich Herbart
- German philosopher who lived between 1776 and 1841.
- major contributions toward the development of educational pedagogy
- Known as the founding father of modern educational theory and psychology
- A theory of education popularly known as Herbartianism
- According to him, the knowledge to the pupils should be given from outside.
Steps of lesson Planning
Herbartian planning of lesson
PREPERATION
- The Teacher makes the pupils ready for the new lesson.
- Helps students relate to the new learning materials to their existing memories
- Process of relating the material to be learned to relevant past ideas
- create interest in the pupils for the topic under consideration.
Presentation
- Teacher presents the new learning material.
- The material may be revealed, explained, demonstrated or illustrated.
- The teacher presents new lesson to the learners, introducing them to the concepts.
- Various teaching aids are used and both teacher and students participate in the teaching and learning process.
Association
- A comparison of new ideas to new existing thoughts.
- Students associate the new ideas with previously learned or gained skills in the learning process.
- Assimilation of the new idea through comparison and contrast with former ideas in order to implant the new idea in the minds of the students.
- The step is important when the teacher is establishing principles or generalizing definitions.
Generalization
- The learner frames some general principles or rules.
- It helps students to link the learned concepts to real-world examples.
- Students should be encouraged to come to the correct conclusions on their own
- The pupils’ generalization may sometimes be incomplete and wrongly stated.
- The teacher should help them to complete and correct.
Application
- Involves the use of acquired knowledge such that every idea learned becomes a part of the functional mind
- It means using acquired knowledge in new situations.
- It tests and ensures that the pupils have learned the new lesson.