Day 2 Chapter 1

1. Primary Sources are DESCRIPTIONS or PICTURES of an event by someone who actually SAW or LIVED through that event.

2. Primary Sources are ALSO:

a. Written expressions of any person who was a witness of the event.

b. Diaries

c. Journals

d. Photographs

e. Eyewitness reports

Example; Think FIFTY years into the future! Lets say YOU TOO became a 6th grade history teacher and you taught a lesson on COVID-19. Because YOU were very much around to EXPERIENCE the pandemic, you will be a PRIMARY SOURCE!

Example; Lets say a friend of yours participated in the George Floyd protests in Miami, Fl. You weren't able to attend the protest but you asked your friend to take photos from the event.

The photos YOU RECEIVE are primary sources!

1. Secondary Sources usually come from people who were NOT PRESENT at an event.

For example: Ms. Acosta teaching you about the 'March on Washington' in 1963 and showing you pictures (like the ones in the center of the slide) is a SECONDARY SOURCE!

2. It is common to see PRIMARY SOURCES used in secondary sources! The photos you are seeing in this presentation ARE primary! Me explaining or teaching you what's going on in the photos is what makes THIS a secondary source!

I wasn't THERE when the photos were taken!

Secondary Sources are A LOT like story telling! A person is passing down information they've heard from someone! The original story can be traced down, however, to the primary source!

Our textbook contains PRIMARY SOURCES!! The book itself however, is a secondary source!

So how DO WE identify sources?

BY ASKING OURSELVES THE FIVE W'S!

1. WHO created the primary source?

Was the person PRESENT during the event?

2. WHY was the source created?

Was the source created to HARM or inform?

3. WHAT is the source about - WHAT was its purpose and its intended audience?

Is the source about an important person or place? Is the source used to inform students?

4. WHERE was the source created?

Was the source created AT the scene of an event?

5. WHEN was the source created?

Was the source created THE DAY, THE HOUR, THE SECOND, of the event?

For example: When we were YOUNGER we were told that Thanksgiving was a peaceful time in which Pilgrims and Native Americans shared food and land! This traditional tale of Thanksgiving was created to teach the importance of sharing. The source was created to INFORM students about an event that took place in our history (without scaring us). The source was created to help further teach younger students/children about the importance of sharing.

Let's practice!

We are going to examine the following examples of primary and secondary sources! It is YOUR JOB as a HISTORIAN to ask yourself the FIVE W'S and determine what is primary and what is secondary!

This photo of the 761st Tank Battalion...

Primary or Secondary Source and why?

This photo of actors and actresses performing the historical musical 'Hamilton'...

Primary or Secondary Source and why?

The Autobiography of Malcom X...

Primary or Secondary Source and why?

The Biography of Alexander Hamilton...

Primary or Secondary Source and why?

Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs

ARE ALL WAYS OF DISPLAYING TYPES OF INFORMATION!

- Graphs

- Charts

-Diagrams

Using graphs, charts, and diagrams you can tell someone the PERCENTAGE, NUMBER, OR AMOUNT of something.

Diagrams; Drawings that show STEPS in a process. Diagrams are sometimes called 'INFOGRAPHICS'

Graphs; Present numbers visually. This makes numbers EASIER to understand!

- CIRCLE GRAPHS: shows the whole of something divided.

- BAR GRAPHS: use BARS to compare numbers visually.

- LINE GRAPHS: show how something changes over time.

Charts; Present facts and numbers in an organized way.

- Table Chart; arranges data in rows and columns