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Questions:
Properties of solutions?
Did the solute changed the properties of the solvent? how? which ones?
Colligative Properties
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances
Solute: is disperse evenly in the solvent. Solvent is the substance that dissolves and is in the greater amount.
You make ice-tea:
Solvent: the solvent is the water
Solute: is the ice-tea powder
Sea water
Solvent: water
Solute: salts, minerals and other
Air is a homogeneous solution
what is the solvent, what is the solute?
Solvent: N2
Solute: O2, CO2, H2
A solution is made up of a solvent and a solute.
The solute dissolves in the solvent and it is the one with the smaller amount.
The Solvent is the one in the greater amount and does the dissolving.
A solution is an Homogeneous mixture where all substances are in the same phase.
A solution of CuSO4
Can we influence Solubility?
PRESSURE
SURFACE AREA; SIZE OF PARTICLE
TEMPERATURE
NATURE OF SOLVENT/SOLUTE (POLARITY)
Stirring increases the speed of dissolving
FOR SOLID SOLUTES:
AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES SOLUBILITY INCREASES
For gas solutes:
as temperature increases solubility decreases
Factor 2:
the smallest the size of the particle the faster it will dissolve.
Big Crystal
Powder
Granulated
Factor 3: Pressure
Pressure only helps gases.
As pressure increases, it increases the solubility of gasses.
LOW
HIGH
Factor 4: Polarity
Golden Rule: "Like dissolves like"
need a polar solvent to dissolve polar solutes.
Ionic dissolve in water. Non-polar solvent to dissolve a non-polar solute
Solvent Polar
needs polar solute
Non-polar solute
needs polar solvent
Ionic works best in Polar like water
Polystyrene
https://www.slideshare.net/itutor/solution-solubility
Table on the left all substance containing ... are soluble except (exceptions are insoluble)
https://forms.gle/M5HydfN3J7B4nqgo7
a) CaSO4 b) table salt c) AgBr d) CuSO4
2AgNO3+Na2S→Ag2S+2NaNO
Terms:
unsaturated
saturated
super saturated
Determine if the solution is saturated, unsaturated or super saturated;
1. 18 grams of potassium nitrated dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20 C
2, 42 g of Potassium chloride in 100 g of water at 30 C
3. How much more is required to make a saturated solution of NaCl if you started with 12 g at 20 C?
the word solvent derives from a Latin word that means to loosen. You can find solvent in a variety of industries such as in paints, inks, cleaners, dry cleaning and medicine.
There are three main type of solvent:
Examples: Predict the products of the following reaction and write the net ionic equation:
AgNO3 (aq) + KBr (aq) ==> AgBr (s) + KNO3 (aq)
NET IONIC: Ag(aq) +Br(aq) ==> AgBr (s)