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The 4 Pillars of The International Maritime Organization
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THE 4 PILLARS OF IMO
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C
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Introduction to IMO
United Nations
What is IMO?
Structure
IMO
IMO Stands for International Maritime Organization
A specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating
shipping
Membership
To become a member of the IMO, a state ratifies a multilateral treaty known as the Convention on the International Maritime Organization. As of 2020, there are 174 member states of the IMO, which includes 173 of the UN member states plus the Cook Islands. The first state to ratify the convention was the United Kingdom in 1949. The most recent members to join were Armenia and Nauru, which became IMO members in January and May 2018, respectively.
5 Main Committees
The Maritime Safety Committee
The Marine Environment Protection Committee
The Legal Committee
The Technical Cooperation Committee
The Secretariat (Headed by Secretary General)
The imo was established in Geneva in 1948 and come into force ten years later meeting for the first time in 1959
The IMO headquarters are located in a large purpose-built building facing the River Thames on the Albert Embankment, in Lambeth, London, United Kingdom
Headquarters
SOLAS is the first pillar of the IMO. Solas is the international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
SOLAS
The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety.
Objective
Flag States are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has been done. Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as Port State control.
Provisions
The SOLAS consists of 14 chapters
Chapter I - General Provisions
Chapter II-1 - Construction
Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction
Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements
Chapter IV - Radiocommunications
Chapter V - Safety of navigation
Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes
Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods
Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships
Chapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships
Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft
Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety
Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security
Chapter XII - Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
Chapter XIII - Verification of compliance
Chapter XIV - Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters
Effective
-26, May 1965 (1960 version)
-25, May 1980 (current version SOLAS 1974)
What is STCW Convention and STCW Code?
STCW 1978
STCW Convention is an International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 sets minimum qualification standards for masters, officers and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships and large yachts while The Code was established to set certain minimum international training standards for professional mariners. The level of certification and training you are required to have is based on the capacity you serve in & the type of vessel you work on. 1995
On 7 July 1995, the IMO adopted a comprehensive revision of STCW. It also included a proposal to develop a new STCW Code, which would contain the technical details associated with provisions of the Convention. The amendments entered force on 1 February 1997.[7] Full implementation was required by 1 February 2002[8][citation needed]. Mariners already holding certification had the option to renew the certificates in accordance with the old rules of the 1978 Convention during the period ending on 1 February 2002. Mariners entering training programs after 1 August 1998 are required to meet the competency standards of the new 1995 Amendments.
The most significant amendments concerned:
a) enhancement of port state control;
b) communication of information to IMO to allow for mutual oversight and consistency in application of standards,
c) quality standards systems (QSS), oversight of training, assessment, and certification procedures,
The Amendments require that seafarers be provided
1995 revision
The IMO Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers adopted a new set of amendments in Manila in 2010 called "The Manila Amendments". These amendments were necessary to keep training standards in line with new technological and operational requirements that require new shipboard competencies. The Manila Amendments were effective as of 1 January 2012. There is a transition period until 2017 when all seafarers must be certified and trained according to the new standards. Implementation is progressive, every year a modified set of requirements comes into force. The most significant amendments are:
New rest hours for seafarers
New grades of certificates of competency for able seafarers in both deck and engine
New and updated training, refreshing requirements
Mandatory security training
Additional medical standards
Specific Alcohol limits in blood or breath.
Manila Amendments
The SOLAS consists of 8 chapters
Chapters
Chapter I - General Provision
Chapter VII: Alternative certification
Chapter II: Master and deck department
Chapter VIII: Watchkeeping
Chapter III: Engine department
List of all chapters of STCW or Standard of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers
Chapter IV: Radiocommunication and radio personnel
Chapter V: Special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships
Chapter VI: Emergency, occupational safety, medical care and survival functions
What is MARPOL?
MARPOL
MARPOL is The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978[2] (MARPOL 73/78, MARPOL is short for International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships[3] and 73/78 short for the years 1973 and 1978) is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization with an objective to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air pollution.
Annex I Prevention of pollution by oil & oily water 2 October 1983
Annex II Control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk 6 April 1987
Annex III Prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form 1 July 1992 138 97.59
Annex IV Pollution by sewage from ships 27 September 2003
Annex V Pollution by garbage from ships 31 December 1988
Annex VI Prevention of air pollution from ships 19 May 2005 72 94.70
Annexes
MARPOL Annex VI amendments according with MEPC 176(58) came into force 1 July 2010.
Amended Regulations 12 concerns control and record keeping of Ozone Depleting Substances.
Amended Regulation 14 concerns mandatory fuel oil change over procedures for vessels entering or leaving SECA areas and FO sulphur limits.
MARPOL Annex V has been amended multiple times, changing different aspects of the original text.
MEPC.219(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to generally prohibit the discharge of any garbage into the ocean, with the exception of food wastes, cargo residues, wash-water, and animal carcasses. There are further provisions describing when and how to dispose of the acceptable wastes.
MEPC.220(63) came into force on 2 March 2012 to encourage the creation of a waste management plan on-board vessels.
Amendments
Implementation and enforcement
In order for IMO standards to be binding, they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined gross tonnage represents at least 50% of the world's gross tonnage, a process that can be lengthy. A system of tacit acceptance has therefore been put into place, whereby if no objections are heard from a member state after a certain period has elapsed, it is assumed they have assented to the treaty.
What is MLC?
MLC 2006
MLC is The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions
Content and Organization
The convention consists of the sixteen articles containing general provisions as well as the Code. The Code consists of five Titles in which specific provisions are grouped by standard (or in Title 5: mode of enforcement):
Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
Title 2: Conditions of employment
Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
Title 5: Compliance and enforcement
After tripartite negotiations had started in 2001, the convention was adopted during the 94th International Labour Convention in 2006. The convention received 314 votes in favour and none against by representatives of the government, employers and workers, who each held a single vote per country.