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Satybaldina Madina
SHfa-21
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Scottish English pronunciation is essentially rhotic and an 'r' in the spelling is always pronounced
The phoneme /r/ may be a postalveolar approximant [ ], as in Received Pronunciation or General American, but speakers have also traditionally used for the same phoneme a somewhat more common alveolar tap [r] or, now very rare, the alveolar trill [r]
It is in the vowel system that we find the most important differences between BBC pronunciation and Scottish English. As with American English, long vowels and diphthongs that correspond to spellings with 'r' are composed of a vowel and the r consonant, as mentioned above. The distinction between long and short vowels does not exist, so that 'good,' 'food' have the same vowel, as do 'Sam,' 'psalm' and 'caught,' 'cot.' ...This brief account may cover the most basic differences, but it should be noted that these and other differences are so radical that people from England and from parts of lowland Scotland have serious difficulty in understanding each other.
Although other dialects have merged non-intervocalic / /, / /, / / before /r/ (fern–fir–fur merger), Scottish English makes a distinction between the vowels in fern, fir, and fur.
Many varieties contrast /o/ and / / before /r/ so that hoarse and horse are pronounced differently.
/or/ and /ur/ are contrasted so that shore and sure are pronounced differently, as are pour and poor.
/r/ before /l/ is strong. An epenthetic vowel may occur between /r/ and /l/ so that girl and world are two-syllable words for some speakers. The same may occur between /r/ and /m/, between /r/ and /n/, and between /l/ and /m/.
Scottish English has no / /, instead transferring Scots/u/. Phonetically, this vowel may be pronounced [ ] or even [ ]. Thus pull and pool are homophones.
Cot and caught are not differentiated in most Central Scottish varieties, as they are in some other varieties.
In most varieties, there is no /æ/-/ :/ distinction; therefore, bath, trap, and palm have the same vowel.
The happY vowel is most commonly /e/ (as in face), but may also be / / (as in kit) or /i/ (as in fleece)