1
Introduction
Introduction
Definition
IN The name of God
Definition
Hematology(haematology) ;Greek root:Haima (blood) ,logy (study)
Study of blood & its components
blood cell characteristics
concentration
structure and function
their precursors in bone marrow
and
their connection with compounds in plasma
HISTORY
HISTORY
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Giulio Bizzozero
1882
1674
1657
1770
1902
Athanasius Kircher
William Hewson
James Wright
Blood
Blood
contains 7 to 8% of body weight
Connective tissue
An adult has 6 liters of blood
Function of Blood
1- Supply of water, food, hormones, vitamins, oxygen, etc. for the body's cells
2- Buffering and pH adjustment in the body
3-Regulate body temperature
4-Disposal of waste
5-Connections between different tissues and cells in the body
6-Carrying innate and acquired immune cells and creating humoral and cellular immunity
7-Homeostasis
8-Antioxidant role
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
component of blood
Based on density:
1.RBC
2.Buffy coat (WBC,Platelet)
3.plasma
Blood cells
Types of cells
Red Blood cells(RBC,Erythrocyte)
most populous blood cells (4-6 million per micro-liter)
life span: 120 days (4 month)
structure: no nucleus and Organelle
cytoplasm containing hemoglobin(red pigment)
biconcave disks
function : transport oxygen from lungs to all part of body
transport carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs
RBCs under light and electron microscope
White blood cells(WBC,leukocyte)
function : defense against pathogens/cells of immune system
Greek roots leuk- meaning "white" and cyt- meaning "cell"
5 types : Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
monocyte
Eosinophil
basophil
Neutrophil
40-70% leukocytes
Phagocyte/granular
part of the innate immune system
defense against bacteria and other pathogen
Eosinophil
with two lobes and large granules containing enzymes and proteins
Normal range :1-5%
defense against parasitic infections, allergic reactions
Basophil
Normal Range : 0-1%
release histamine during allergic reactions
monocyte
Normal range :2-10%
phagocyte/increase in bacterial infection ,autoimmune disorder
The largest white blood cell
Lymphocyte
include:
natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity),
B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity).
Normal range:20-40%
defense against viral infection,cancer
WBCs under microscope
Platelet(thrombocyte)
The smallest blood cells/ thrombus:clot- cyt:cell
Function : Coagulation and prevention of bleeding
Wound healing and injuries
Life Span: 8 to 10 day
structure : unnucleated-granular
They are made up of cells called megakaryocytes.
Platelets under microscopes
definition
Hematopoiesis
produce of blood cells
a regular process
proliferation
differentiation
self-renewal
maturation
poiesis:make
location in adults: bone marrow
1
Expansion & Proliferation
2
Erythropoiesis(from Greek 'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis' meaning "to make")
Granulopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis ( lymphocytopoiesis)
Thrombopoiesis
understanding of stem cell
Stem cells : primary cells :
produce the differentiated cells of the body
mother of all cells
types :1.totipotent
2.pluripotent
3.multipotent
4. unipotent
3
Hematopoietic stem cells(HSC)
Less than 1% of bone marrow cells
found in small numbers in the peripheral blood
progenitor cells
Blast cells/precursor cell
Mature cell
Development of blood cells
Hematopoiesis 2
Types of hematopoiesis in humans
1- Primary or primitive hematopoiesis:
Only nucleated red blood cells are produced
intravascular
in yolk sac
2- Definitive /Final hematopoiesis
all blood cells are produced
extravascular
in A.G.M,Placenta,liver,spleen,thymus,Lymph node and bone marrow
Hematopoietic tissues
primitive hematopoiesis
aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM)
Spleen
Location: below the left ribs / The largest lymphoid organ in the body
Functions : Filtering and purifying the blood
Removal of old and abnormal blood cells
Immune function
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Splenomegaly/splenectomy
liver
The main site of hematopoiesis in the second trimester of the fetus
Degradation of RBC hemoglobin and iron recycling
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
final
Contact & Reference book
Email: f27312156@yahoo.com