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by Hana and Olivia
George Elton Mayo
>George Elton Mayo was an Australian psychologist, sociologist and organization theorist
>Mayo is known for his research including the Hawthorne studies and his book “The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization” (1933). The research he conducted under the Hawthorne Studies of the 1930s showed the importance of groups in affecting the behavior of individuals at work.
>Mayo believed that having social needs met at work would help to increase motivation
>Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorne factory
>He isolated two groups of women workers and studied the effect on their productivity levels of changing factors such as lighting and working conditions.
>He expected to see productivity levels decline as lighting or other conditions became progressively worse, however, no matter what the change in lighting or working conditions, the productivity levels of the workers improved or remained the same.
>He realised that the increased amount of people watching over them pressured them into working harder, which increased their productivity
He concluded that workers are better motivated by :
> Better communication
> Greater management involvement
>Working in groups or teams
>showing interest in others
>involving others in decision making
>ensuring the wellbeing of others
>ensuring work is interesting and non-repetitive.
His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2k018hctZQ
advantages
criticisms
>Gives workers more freedom at work.
>Greater levels of communication and teamwork.
>Made for a more democratic work force.
>Assumes workers share the same goal
-e.g Rover 1980s
> Individual responsibilities could cause stress or pressure.
>More freedom means that they have less control over the workers.
>In the modern world greater importance is given to technology. The importance of human aspects are being forgotten very often. Therefore, the Hawthorne experiments are more relevant today and the important findings of these experiments will continue to be relevant.
>Hondas plant in Swindon where “teamwork” has been emphasised – they were made no workers or directors, only associates
>McDonalds picnics, parties and bingo for their employees where they’re made to feel part of the company