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TUBERCULOSIS

Also know as TB

TB

Tuberculosis is contagious infection caused by bacteria that mainly affects the lungs but can also affect any other organ including bone, brain, and spine.

TB in children

Early infection causes no symptoms as the body's immune system protects spread, and in many cases, it remains inactive - this stage is referred to as "Latent TB”. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to control the spread of the infection. Latent TB can develop into an Active TB.

Active TB is a stage where immediate medications and care is necessary, the common symptoms include:

What the symptoms are

SYMPTOMS

•A persistent cough (which lasts for more than 2 weeks)

• Cough with blood in sputum

• Fever for more than 2 weeks

• Pain in the chest

• Weight loss

• Night sweats

• Loss of appetite

How is it spread?

TB bacteria spread through the air from one person to another. When a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks, or sings, TB bacteria can get into the air. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the lungs and begin to grow. People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and coworkers or schoolmates.

How long are people contagious?

Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from someone you live or work with than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

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What can parent and childcare providers do?

Treatment is recommended for children with latent TB infection to prevent them from developing TB disease. Infants, young children, and immunocompromised children with latent TB infection or children in close contact with someone with infectious TB disease require special consideration because they are at increased risk of contracting TB disease.

Children older than 2 years can be treated for latent tuberculosis infection with isoniazid-rifapentine once a week for 12 weeks. Alternative treatments for latent tuberculosis infection in children include 4 months of daily rifampin or 9 months of daily isoniazid. The regimens are equally acceptable; however, health care providers should prescribe the most convenient shorter regimens, when possible. Patients are more likely to complete shorter treatment regimens.

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