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Native American Battles (1860-1890)

US History

Block 2

Wounded Knee (1890)

The United States became worried and frustrated with the Sioux tribe's "ghost dance" ritual (rejecting the white man). On Sept 15th, reservation police arrested famous Sioux leader Sitting Bull, and killed him while doing so. On Dec. 29th, US Army Calvary surrounded Ghost Dancers and wanted them to turn over their weapons. Shots were fired and chaos ensued, as 150 Native Americans were killed, half being women and children. This was the last major conflict the United States had with the Plains Indians.

Wounded Knee

Apache and Navajo War (1860-1864)

Topic

The U.S. military fought the Apaches and Navajos for their land because they wanted it for mining. The leaders were Colonel Carson and Geronimo. The wars took place in the Southwest in Arizona at Apache Pass and New Mexico, and Colorado territories. The Apache were moved to a reservation. Geronimo carried out more raids and finally surrendered. The loss of indigenous lands, each tribes traditions, and native languages died.

Battle of Little Bighorn

The battle of Little big horn was fought between U.S federal troops led by George Armstrong Custer vs Lakota and Northern Cheyenne warriors, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana territory. This battle was between the U.S and Native americans happened because the U.S settlers found gold in the Native american territory and wanted to take the native american land for themselves. The win for the Native Americans did no good for them instead it made the U.S mad which led up to the War.

Topic

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

Topic

- Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes decimated by Colonel Chivington's volunteers

- 675 U.S. volunteer soldiers, and a village of about 750 Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians were involved

- Happened in Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado Territory

- Occurred due to a long conflict for control of the Great Plains in eastern Colorado, so eventually the U.S. volunteer soldiers decided to attack

Effects:

- At first, actions were praised

- Later looked down upon when the massacre came to light, Chivington resigned and stopped his political career, the native american leader continued the peace effort and got new reservation.

Nez Perce War

Topic

A series of battles between the Nez Perce Tribe and the U.S. Army which stemmed from the refusal of the Nez Perce to give up their ancestral lands in the Pacific Northwest. By trying to remove them from the ancestral lands, the U.S. violated the Treaty of Walla Walla. Beginning in June of 1877, battles took place in Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana, which resulted in 89 Nez Perce deaths and 29 U.S. soldier deaths. After a final five day battle at Snake Creek, the Nez Perce surrendered and the war ended in October of 1877. 418 Nez Perce Indians were arrested, and the rest fled to Canada.

Fetterman Massacre(1866)

This event took place when US soldiers tried to ambush into the West but were defeated, resulting in had 81 fatalities. The battle was between the Lakota alliance(the native Americans) and the US Army. This happened on December 21, 1866 in Northern Wyoming. This massacre took place because the Native Americans wanted to defend their land and keep the military away. But after this happened the army had to reconsider if they wanted to keep protecting the trail since it was a very big defeat.

Fetterman Massacre

Red River War

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The red river war was a military campaign launched by the U.S army in 1874. This included the Southern plain tribes of The Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and the Arapaho Indians. This all took place in Northern Texas/ great plains. This happen because the U.S was trying to take the tribes land. This led to the end of an entire way of life for the Southern plain tribes and started a new chapter in Texas.

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