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3rd Line of Defense: Immunity

By: Christine, Teja, Sneha, Elizae

Artifical Active

Immunity

  • The body's ability to recognize and resist diseases

  • Immunity to a disease achieved through antibodies against that disease in a person’s system

Active

Active Immunity

  • When an individual is exposed to an antigen to generate an immune response

  • This can happen naturally when the body is exposed to a disease organism, such as a cold. The body produces antibodies in response to the infection.

Artifical Active

Artifical Active

  • The occurrence of any immunization with an antigen

  • Immunized with one of the following: attenuated microbes, killed organisms, fragmented microorganisms, or antigens produced by recombinant DNA technology

  • Essentially a vaccination, which provides a control immune response

Vaccine

Vaccine

  • A substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen

  • Typically prepared from an inactivated or weakened form of the causative agent

Attenuated Vaccine

Attenuated

  • Live vaccines that use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease

  • Create a strong and long-lasting immune response

  • Ex: measles, mumps, rubella, cowpox, yellow fever, influenza, and oral polio vaccine

Inactive Vaccine

Inactive

  • Use the killed version of the germ that causes a disease

  • Usually don’t provide immunity (protection) that’s as strong as live vaccines

  • Need several doses over time (booster shots) in order to get ongoing immunity against diseases

  • Ex: Hepatitis A, Flu, Polio, Rabies

Natural Active

  • Immunity that occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response

  • Ex: immunity to cold from cold bacteria

Nartural Active

Passive

Immunity where antibodies are transferred from one individual to another

Passive Immunity

Artifical Passive

Artificial Passive

  • Conferred by the injection of antibodies generated by a different person or animal, or artificially in the laboratory, into an individual

  • Essentially a person receives antibodies from an injection called a gamma globulin injection

  • Used for therapeutic treatment when there is a risk for infections present; prevent or fight certain infectious diseases

  • EX: an injection such as snake anti-venom

Natural Passive

  • when a person receives antibodies to a pathogen by natural means rather than medical intervention

  • Mainly occurs during pregnancy

  • Ex: passage of antibodies from the mother to the fetus through the placenta

Colostrum

Colostrum

  • First form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after giving birth

  • Full of nutrients and high in antibodies and antioxidants

  • Contains a lot of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA)

  • Helps to develop immune system and protect against pathogens

References

Natural Passive

  • https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Clinical-Consultation-Services/Immunology-Basics
  • https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/the-immune-system
  • https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity-types.htm
  • https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/passive-immunity#:~:text=Passive%20immunity%20can%20occur%20naturally,injection%20(gamma%20globulin%20injection).
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_6%3A_Adaptive_Immunity/13%3A_Humoral_Immunity/13.3%3A_Naturally_and_Artificially_Acquired_Active_and_Passive_Immunity#:~:text=Active%20artificially%20acquired%20immunity%20refers,recombinant%20DNA%20technology%2C%20or%20toxoids.
  • https://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/articles/active-vs-passive-immunity-differences-and-definition-335112
  • https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22434-colostrum
  • https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/types/index.html

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