3rd Line of Defense: Immunity
By: Christine, Teja, Sneha, Elizae
Artifical Active
Immunity
- The body's ability to recognize and resist diseases
- Immunity to a disease achieved through antibodies against that disease in a person’s system
Active
Active Immunity
- When an individual is exposed to an antigen to generate an immune response
- This can happen naturally when the body is exposed to a disease organism, such as a cold. The body produces antibodies in response to the infection.
Artifical Active
Artifical Active
- The occurrence of any immunization with an antigen
- Immunized with one of the following: attenuated microbes, killed organisms, fragmented microorganisms, or antigens produced by recombinant DNA technology
- Essentially a vaccination, which provides a control immune response
Vaccine
Vaccine
- A substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen
- Typically prepared from an inactivated or weakened form of the causative agent
Attenuated Vaccine
Attenuated
- Live vaccines that use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease
- Create a strong and long-lasting immune response
- Ex: measles, mumps, rubella, cowpox, yellow fever, influenza, and oral polio vaccine
Inactive Vaccine
Inactive
- Use the killed version of the germ that causes a disease
- Usually don’t provide immunity (protection) that’s as strong as live vaccines
- Need several doses over time (booster shots) in order to get ongoing immunity against diseases
- Ex: Hepatitis A, Flu, Polio, Rabies
Natural Active
- Immunity that occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response
- Ex: immunity to cold from cold bacteria
Nartural Active
Passive
Immunity where antibodies are transferred from one individual to another
Passive Immunity
Artifical Passive
Artificial Passive
- Conferred by the injection of antibodies generated by a different person or animal, or artificially in the laboratory, into an individual
- Essentially a person receives antibodies from an injection called a gamma globulin injection
- Used for therapeutic treatment when there is a risk for infections present; prevent or fight certain infectious diseases
- EX: an injection such as snake anti-venom
Natural Passive
- when a person receives antibodies to a pathogen by natural means rather than medical intervention
- Mainly occurs during pregnancy
- Ex: passage of antibodies from the mother to the fetus through the placenta
Colostrum
Colostrum
- First form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after giving birth
- Full of nutrients and high in antibodies and antioxidants
- Contains a lot of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- Helps to develop immune system and protect against pathogens
References
Natural Passive
- https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Clinical-Consultation-Services/Immunology-Basics
- https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/the-immune-system
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity-types.htm
- https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/passive-immunity#:~:text=Passive%20immunity%20can%20occur%20naturally,injection%20(gamma%20globulin%20injection).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_6%3A_Adaptive_Immunity/13%3A_Humoral_Immunity/13.3%3A_Naturally_and_Artificially_Acquired_Active_and_Passive_Immunity#:~:text=Active%20artificially%20acquired%20immunity%20refers,recombinant%20DNA%20technology%2C%20or%20toxoids.
- https://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/articles/active-vs-passive-immunity-differences-and-definition-335112
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22434-colostrum
- https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/basics/types/index.html
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jsL42hAqANwfOMSiUVxnwH9ERYOqyZT_/view?usp=sharing