Dengue Fever in Brazil

Population Outline

Dengue in Brazil

• In last 15 years there has been a significant increase in dengue outbreaks.

• The increase has been most notable in the Rio De Janeiro region where the population is denser.

Dengue in Brazil

(Gaemperle, 2014)

(Unkown, 2015)

Upstream Factors

- Living conditions

- Access to health care centres

- Health literacy

- Socio-economic status

Mongabay. (2018). Brazil’s fundamental pesticide law under attack [photograph]. Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2018/02/brazils-fundamental-pesticide-law-under-attack/

Insecticide Space-Spraying

Inhabitat. (2012). Recycling Co-operatives in Sao Paulo, Brazil Light the Path for Sustainable Development [photograph]. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/recycling-co-operatives-in-sao-paulo-brazil-light-the-path-for-sustainable-development/sp-recycling-coop-coopere-03

Waste Management

Inhabitat. (2012). Recycling Co-operatives in Sao Paulo, Brazil Light the Path for Sustainable Development [photograph]. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/recycling-co-operatives-in-sao-paulo-brazil-light-the-path-for-sustainable-development/sp-recycling-coop-coopere-03

Education

Global New Light of Myanmar. (2015). Health officials educate residents about dengue fever [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com/health-officials-educate-residents-about-dengue-fever/

Specialised Training

Transgenic Mosquitos

Science. (2016). Brazil will release billions of lab-grown mosquitoes to combat infections disease. Will it work? [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/brazil-will-release-billions-lab-grown-mosquitoes-combat-infectious-disease-will-it

Entomology. (2016). Education, Mosquito Management Programs, and Cooperation Needed to Stop Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya [photograph]. Retrieved from https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/29/education-mosquito-management-programs-and-cooperation-needed-to-stop-zika-dengue-and-chikungunya/

Science. (2016). Brazil will release billions of lab-grown mosquitoes to combat infections disease. Will it work? [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/brazil-will-release-billions-lab-grown-mosquitoes-combat-infectious-disease-will-it

Vaccinations

Bärnighausen, T., Bloom, D. E., Cafieroa, E. T., & O’Brien, J. C. (2013). Valuing the broader benefits of dengue vaccination, with a preliminary application to Brazil. Seminars in Immunology, 25(2), 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.010

Barreto, M. L., Teixeira, M. G., Bastos, F. I., Ximenes, R. A., Barata, R. B., & Rodrigues, L. C. (2011). Successes and failures in the control of infectious diseases in Brazil: social and environmental context, policies, interventions, and research needs. The lancet, 377(9780), 1877-1889.

BBC News. (2014). Brazil releases ‘good’ mosquitos to fight Dengue fever [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-29357277/brazil-releases-good-mosquitoes-to-fight-dengue-fever

Chokephaibulkit, K., & Perng, G. C. (2013). Challenges for the formulation of a universal vaccine against dengue. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 238(5), 566-578. doi:10.1177/1535370212473703

Creative Commons. (2014). The Aedes aegypti mosquito [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://insidecostarica.com/2014/05/23/costa-rica-alert-chikungunya-virus/

Dick, O. B., San Martín, J. L., Montoya, R. H., del Diego, J., Zambrano, B., & Dayan, G. H. (2012). The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 87(4), 584-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0770

Entomology. (2016). Education, Mosquito Management Programs, and Cooperation Needed to Stop Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya [photograph]. Retrieved from https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/29/education-mosquito-management-programs-and-cooperation-needed-to-stop-zika-dengue-and-chikungunya/

Fares, R. C. G., Souza, K. P. R., Añez, G. n., & Rios, M. (2015). Epidemiological Scenario of Dengue in Brazil. BioMed Research International. doi:10.1155/2015/321873

Friedrich, M. (2018). Global Temperature Affects Dengue. JAMA, 320(3), 227. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.9737

Gaemperle, S. (2015). Rio de Žaneiras, Brazilija [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.pandotrip.com/the-city-of-contrasts-rio-de-janeiro-2584/

Global New Light of Myanmar. (2015). Health officials educate residents about dengue fever [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com/health-officials-educate-residents-about-dengue-fever/

Gubler, D. (2011). Dengue, Urbanization and Globalization: The Unholy Trinity of the 21st Century. Tropical Medicine And Health, 39(4), S3-S11. doi: 10.2149/tmh.2011-s05

Horta, M., Bruniera, R., Ker, F., Catita, C., & Ferreira, A. (2014). Temporal relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of dengue fever. International Journal Of Environmental Health Research, 24(5), 471-481. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2013.865713

IFLScience. (2015). Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Released In Brazil [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dengue-fighting-mosquitoes-are-suppressing-wild-populations-brazil/

Inhabitat. (2012). Recycling Co-operatives in Sao Paulo, Brazil Light the Path for Sustainable Development [photograph]. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/recycling-co-operatives-in-sao-paulo-brazil-light-the-path-for-sustainable-development/sp-recycling-coop-coopere-03

Ise, A., Menezes, C., Batista Neto, J., Saluja, S., Amundson, J. R., Jenny, H., . . . Alonso, N. (2019). Patient-Perceived Barriers to Accessing Cleft Care at a Tertiary Referral Center in São Paulo, Brazil. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 56(5), 639-645.

Khetarpal, N., & Khanna, I. (2016). Dengue fever: causes, complications, and vaccine strategies. Journal of immunology research, 2016.

Mayoclinic (2016). Dengue Fever [photograph]. Retrieved from https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/dengue-fever-what-you-need-to-know/

Mongabay. (2018). Brazil’s fundamental pesticide law under attack [photograph]. Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2018/02/brazils-fundamental-pesticide-law-under-attack/

Pan American Health Organization. (2013). Number of reported cases of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), Region of the Americas (by country and subregion) from 1995 through 2012. Retrieved from http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=264&Itemid=363&lang=en

Philips. (2017). Preventive health in Brazil – Inconsistent policy clouds successes [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.philips.com/a-w/about/news/archive/future-health-index/articles/20170721-preventive-health-in-brazil-inconsistent-policy-clouds-successes.html

Pun, S. (2017). Dengue Alarm: Huge Concern [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/dengue-alarm-huge-concern/

Racloz, V., Ramsey, R., Tong, S., & Hu, W. (2012). Surveillance of dengue fever virus: a review of epidemiological models and early warning systems. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 6(5), e1648. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001648

Rasella, D., Borges Machado, D., Pfeirrer Castellanos, M. E., Paim, J., Landmann Szwarcwald, C., Lima, D., . . . Lima Barreto, M. (2016). Assessing the relevance of indicators in tracking social determinants and progress toward equitable population health in Brazil. Global Health Action, 9, 1-9. doi:10.3402/gha.v9.29042

Reis-Castro, L., & Hendrickx, K. (2013). Winged promises: Exploring the discourse on transgenic mosquitoes in Brazil. Technology in Society, 35, 118-128. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.01.006

Science. (2016). Brazil will release billions of lab-grown mosquitoes to combat infections disease. Will it work? [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/brazil-will-release-billions-lab-grown-mosquitoes-combat-infectious-disease-will-it

More References

More References

Science. (2017). If you haven’t had dengue fever infection, don’t use our vaccine, drug company warns [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/if-you-haven-t-had-dengue-infection-don-t-use-our-vaccine-drug-company-warns

Scientific American. (2015). First Dengue Fever Vaccine Gets Green Light in 3 Countries [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/first-dengue-fever-vaccine-gets-green-light-in-3-countries/

Seven Media Group. (2016). Dengue! [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://sevenmediagroup.co/hemas-hospitals-dengue-campaign/

Smart traveller (2019). Map of Brazil. [photograph]. Retrieved from https://smartraveller.gov.au/Countries/americas/south/Pages/brazil.aspx

Sommerfeld, J., & Kroeger, A. (2014). Innovative community-based vector control interventions for improved dengue and Chagas disease prevention in Latin America: introduction to the special issue. The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 209, 85-88. doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru176

Teixeira, M. G., Costa, M. d. C. N., Barreto, F., & Barreto, M. L. (2009). Dengue: twenty-five years since reemergence in Brazil. Cadernos de saúde pública, 25, S7-S18.

The Telegraph. (2011). Expat guide to Brazil: health care [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/expat-health/8737945/Expat-guide-to-Brazil-health-care.html

Unicef. (2016). Xô Zika! Children on the front line of Zika virus control in Campina Grande,Brazil [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/stories/x%C3%B4-zika-children-front-line-zika-virus-control-campina-grande-brazil

Unknown. (2011). New images of remote Brazil tribe [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-12325690

Unknown. (2015). The City of Contrasts – Rio De Janeiro [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.pandotrip.com/the-city-of-contrasts-rio-de-janeiro-2584/

Unknown. (2019).The Brazilian Real Is The Currency of Brazil [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.brazilmycountry.com/brazil-currency/

Velayudhan, R. (2012). Global strategy for dengue prevention and control, 2012-2020 (p. 11). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

Ward Hackett, D. (2018). Infectious Disease Carrying Mosquitoes Love These Cities [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/aedes-aegypti-culex-and-anopheles-mosquitoes-are-leading-virus-vectors-usa

Watts, M. (2016). Water and Brazil: some reflection and a few photos [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.meredithwwatts.com/MWBrazilBlog/?p=2051

World Health Organisation. (2016). Average number of suspected or confirmed dengue cases reported to WHO, 2010–2016 [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/denguecontrol/epidemiology/en/

Zika Communication Network. (2019). Prevention and control of the mosquito aedes aegypti: guide of basic orientations for prevention of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.zikacommunicationnetwork.org/resources/prevention-and-control-mosquito-aedes-aegypti-guide-basic-orientations-prevention-zika