Money

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Pre 2.1

How long have you....?

“have spent”

“have started”

“haven’t bought”

“Have you made”

“ have learned”

Dialogue: Budgeting Basics

Mike: Hey, Jenna! I heard you’ve been getting into budgeting. How’s that going?

Jenna: It’s actually going well! I ________ a lot about managing my finances.

Mike: That’s awesome. I’m trying to get better at it too. ________ any big purchases lately?

Jenna: Not really. I ________ much since I started budgeting. Just the essentials.

Mike: I know what you mean. I ________ to cut down on eating out. It’s saved me quite a bit.

Jenna: Oh, definitely. I realized I ________ too much on little things that add up.

Mike: True. Have you found any good budgeting tools or apps?

Jenna: Yes, I’ve been using this app that tracks my expenses and categorizes them. It’s been a huge help.

Mike: I’ll have to check that out. Maybe we can share tips over coffee next week?

Jenna: I’d like that. Let’s set a date!

Task 5

Task 4

Perfect simple

Subject + have/has + perfect tense

You have cleaned the bathroom! it looks lovely

Present perfect continuous

Subject + have/has + been + ing verb

I have been gardening. It looks so nice out here

Need vs want

Match the highlighted phrasal verbs with their definitions.

1 ________ put into the rubbish bin. e.g. put into rubbish bins e.g. Please ... these sweet papers

2 ________ stop (doing something) e.g. He wants to ... smoking

3 ________ arrive, appear e.g. I invited 20 people to my party but only 10 will ...

4 ________ give something to somebody without wanting anything in return e.g. She decided to ... her old clothes to the local hospital

5 ________ start a new company or organization e.g. My brother is going to ... a software company.

6 ________ be responsible for somebody or something.

e.g. Nurses .....people in hospital

SUBJECT + MODAL VERB + Noun sentence

"I want carrots. I want a cat"

"I need an umbrella. I need water"

SUBJECT +MODAL VERB + Verb sentence

"I want TO ride a bike"

"I need TO do my homework"

Expand on your earlier points here

Add more details

Nutritious food

Designer clothes

Sleep for rest and recovery

Latest smartphone

Clean water

Dining out at fancy restaurants

Shelter

Luxury cars

Healthcare and hygiene

High-end gadgets

Safety and security

Vacations to exotic destinations

Clothing for protection

Entertainment and leisure activities

Gender roles can be (1)________ as the behaviours, values, and attitudes that a society considers appropriate for (2)________ male and female. Traditionally, men and women had completely different (3)________, men were seen as the provider for the family and women were seen as the caretakers of both the (4)________ and the family. Gender roles influence a (5)________ range of human behaviour, often including the clothing a person chooses, the profession a person (6)________, and the personal relationships a person enters. People have occasionally felt pressure to act or look a certain way based on their gender. This pressure can make people unhappy, especially if they are being asked to be or act in a way that does not (7)________ who they really are. Today people have more freedom (8)________ ever to express themselves, regardless of their gender.

Understanding Money Management

Money management is a vital skill. When you earn money from a job, it’s important to manage it wisely. Some people spend too much on things they don’t need and end up broke. It’s better to save and only buy what you can afford.

A credit card can be useful, but if you’re not careful, you might fall into debt. If you want to buy something big, like a house, you might need a mortgage, which is a type of loan. Remember, being greedy and spending more than you have can lead to financial trouble.

When at the mall, make a list of what you need. This way, you won’t buy unnecessary items and can save money for important things or experiences.

Examples: I have earned money

Actions completed in the recent past

• 1 a called b defined c mentioned d determined
• 2 a both b some c all d none
• 3 a parts b character c papers d roles
• 4 a home b house c residence d place
• 5 a big b wide c long d large
• 6 a follows b continues c pursues d chases
• 7 a appear b fit c adjust d match
• 8 a from b what c than d for

4. What does Ross do about the situation?

a. He shows Ben other toys to play with

b. He plays with Ben and his Barbie

c. He hides the Barbie

5. Who tells Ross that he is exaggerating about the Barbie:

a. Monica and Joey

b. Joey and Rachel

c. Monica and Rachel

6. What did Ross use to do when he was little?

a. Call Monica “B”

b. Dress up like a woman

c. Sing songs all the time

1. Why is Ross (the dad) so upset about Ben (the son) playing with a Barbie?

a. Because he doesn’t like Barbies

b. Because he doesn’t think it’s appropriate for boys

c. Because his ex-wife gave him the Barbie

2. Why does Ben have the Barbie?

a. Because he chose it at the store

b. Because Susan gave it to him

c. Because they didn’t have any other toys

3. How do Carol and Susan react to Ross’ opposition to Ben playing with the Barbie?

a. They don’t pay too much attention to it

b. They agree with Ross

c. They are offended by his reaction

Pre-reading questions:

What do you think are the most important aspects of managing money?

Can you explain a time when you had to make a decision about spending or saving money?

Post-reading questions:

Why do you think it’s important to differentiate between what you want and what you need when it comes to spending money?

How can using a credit card both help and hinder financial stability?

Discuss the concept of a mortgage. Why might it be considered both a burden and a necessity?

Money

Unit 2

In a quiet corner of Mr. Tanaka’s garden, a small bonsai tree has stood for decades. Its twisted branches and delicate leaves have fascinated him since childhood. Every morning, he has watered it with care, watching its growth over the years.

Recently, Mr. Tanaka has been experimenting with shaping the bonsai. He has been trimming its leaves and wiring its branches. The process has required patience and precision. His hands have become skilled at coaxing beauty from the miniature tree.

One day, as the sun has been setting, Mr. Tanaka has noticed a tiny bud. It has appeared on a lower branch, promising new life. He has been nurturing it, hoping it will bloom into a vibrant flower.

Neighbors have gathered to admire the bonsai. They have marveled at its intricate design. Mr. Tanaka has shared stories of its history—the storms it has weathered, the seasons it has witnessed.

As the years pass, the bonsai has become a symbol of resilience and artistry. Its roots have anchored it to the earth, while its leaves have danced in the breeze. Mr. Tanaka has found solace in its quiet presence.

And so, in the fading light, he has whispered, “Thank you, little tree. You have taught me the beauty of patience and the magic of continuity.”