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• Canada’s first immigration policy after Confederation
• Primarily focused on ensuring the safety of immigrants during their travel to Canada and protecting them from mistreatment upon their coming
• Prime Minister John A. Macdonald hoped an open immigration policy would encourage the settlement of the West
• Large-scale immigration was unsuccessful to become a reality as the rate of emigration continued well above the rate of immigration
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British emigrants leaving for Canada circa 1900
The Chinese Immigration
Act 1885 #9
• Was the first piece of Canadian legislation to reject immigrants because of their ethnic origin
• Forced a duty of $50 on every Chinese person in search of entry into Canada
• Only momentarily reduced the number of Chinese immigrants coming to Canada
• In 1900 the duty enlarged to $100 per person
• In 1903 the duty enlarged to $500 per person
A group of Chinese laborers working on the Pacific Railway in the late 1800's.
Japanese Foreign Minister Tadasu Hayashi
W. L. Mackenzie King Jr. the man who wrote the Continuous Journey Regulation
• Arrived in Vancouver, having sailed from China with 376 Indians on board
• Were rejected admittance to Canada
• After two months in the harbor, and following an unsuccessful appeal to the BC Supreme Court, the boat sailed back to India
• 1914-1920 only one Indian was allowed into Canada as an immigrant
Sikhs aboard Komagata Maru in Vancouver's Burrard Inlet, 1914
• More preventive regulations in response to the postwar economic decline, labor unrest and rising anti-foreign sentiment
• Immigrants from opponent alien countries were denied admission and the restricted categories of political dissidents were extended
• Governor-in-council was furthermore authorized to forbid immigrants of any nationality, race, occupation and class because of their “peculiar customs, habits, modes of life and methods of holding property
Canadian soldiers returning from Vimy Ridge (1917)
• Number of deportations on the grounds of "becoming a public charge" increased as the depression took hold
• From 1930-1934, 16,765 immigrants were deported
• Numbers of deportations on the grounds of medical reasons and criminality also enlarged
The Great Depression In Canada 1930's
Canadian Citizenship Act 1947
#3
A stamp commemorating the Citizenship Act of 1947
• Crushing of the Hungarian uprising led to over 200,000 Hungarians escaping to Austria
• Due to public pressure, the Canadian government implemented a special program, offering the Hungarian refugees free transport, as a replacement for loans
• Thousands of Hungarians arrived in the early months of 1957 on over 200 chartered flights
• 37,000+ Hungarians were let in in less than a year
Hungarian Refugees arrive in Canada, 1957
• Gave a legislative framework to the current policy of multiculturalism and extended its focus
• Revisions to the policy were deemed essential to better reflect Canada’s increasingly diverse racial and ethnic structure
• Made to protect the cultural heritage of every Canadian, decrease discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs and initiatives within institutions and organizations
• The first country to permit a national multiculturalism law
Canadian Citizens of diffrerent races and cultures on Canada Day