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- The use of nuclear weapons by the United States in World War 2 caused the Soviet Union to create nuclear weapons as well.
-Soviet union conducted their first nuclear test in 1949
-In 1956, the US had 2123 stragtegic warheads and the Soveit Union had 84, over the next 30 years that rapidly changed.
-At the end of the Cold war the nuclear arms race seemed to have finished, but the US withdrawaled from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) in 2019.
- INF is an arms-control treaty
"Little Boy" and "Fat Boy", first atomic bombs created by the US
-FDR (USA), Winston Churchill (Britain), Joseph Stalin
-Meeting of the three allies to decide how to deal with Germany and other European countries after WW2.
-Discussed the formation and operation of the UN
-Ended up dividing Germany into 4 sections, allowed new countries in Europe to have a free election
-Alignement
Franklin D Roosevelt, Winstion Churchill, Joseph Stalin at a Yalta Conference - Feb 1946
-Delivered by Winston Churchill.
-Believed that the US and Britain needed to become the peace keepers agaisnt the Soviet Union.
-They wanted to contain the spread of communism from hitting the countries that had not been converted.
-Believed there would be a long time before peace would be made in the Soviet Union.
-Alignment and Containment
Winston Churchill delivering the Speech
-The new leaders of the USA (Harry S Truman), and Britain (Clement Atlee) both were anti-communism which caused change
-Unconditional Surrender of Germany
-USA finished the atomic bomb + Soviet Union established countries with communist friendly governments
-Beginning of Cold War
-Agreement that Germany and Austria into 4 zones
-Restructuring Germany's economy
-Soviet Union enter war with Japan
-Germany pays $20 Billion in reparations
-Alignment
Harry S Truman, Clement Atlee, Joseph Stalin at a Potsdam Conference - May 1946
-USA dropped 2 bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2 innocent towns in Japan
-Arms Race
-The US wanted to show what they had created, since Japan did not want to surrender unconditionally. The bombing were supposed to bring the war to an end sooner.
-Deterrence
Hiroshima Before and After the Bombing
-Proposed by Harry S Truman, President of the United States.
-Created to stop the spread of communism and to give financial aid to countries that were thought to be targets of the spread.
-Truman asked the congress for $400 million to help Turkey and Greece with their Military and Economy.
-America's first ties to the Vietnam War.
-Containment
Truman Doctrine being announced by Harry Truman
-Created by George Marshall.
-Signed in by Harry S Truman, President of the United States.
-Created to fincially aid the economies of western and southern european countries.
-This aid was to create a society where democracy would grow and thrive as countries were trying to recover from WW2.
-The US feared that the poverty, unemployment, and many other economic factors would cause voters in other countries to choose communism.
-Containment
Truman signing the Marshall Plan
-First major international crisis of the Cold War.
-The west Germans (lived on land owned by the US, Britain, and France) relied on the food supplied by Berlin, which was on the Soviet side.
-To regain this land that the Soviets lost, they cut off every railroad, road, and canal reaching the West portion of Germany, cutting off all food and crucial supplies to this population.
-This also caused the US, Britain, and France from visting their land.
-This tactic was created to try and make the Western leaders flee and for the Soviets to gain the land they lost.
-The Western allies could airlift food and other supplies into the population that need it.
-Expansionism and Containment.
Airlift bringing food and other supplies.
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
-Result of the Berlin Blockade.
-Created by the United States, Canada, and other Western European countries that wanted protection from the Soviet Union.
-Smaller countries felt the need to join a superpower for many reasons, these being for fincial or military aid or even similar beliefs. They felt they either had to be communist under the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union, or a more democratic approach with the United States.
-Created to protect the freedom and security of its members politically or military.
-Alignment
The formation of NATO
-West Germany was created in 1949 when the United States, Great Britain, and France joined their portions of Germany together that they had occupied at the end of World War II.
-Alignment
Korean Army
-This Pact was created by the Soviet Union in reponse to the Western European countries joining NATO.
-Created between the Soviet Union, and 7 other countries in central and eastern europe.
-Was created to balance the power or counterweight NATO
Warsaw Pact being Signed.
-A race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the competion intially started with World War 2 and the Arms Race. The Soviet union published the idea of exploring space in a youth magazine in 1951, the US saw this decided to do the same.
-The US released that they were lauching a satillite in 1955 and soon after that the Soviet union did the same.
-The USSR were the first to successfully lauch a satillite and put a human into space. However, the US was the first country to put a man on the moon.
First Man on the Moon
Hungarian Revolution
-An embarrasing and faild attempt of trying to over throw Fidel Castro who was a communist revolutionist in Cuba.
-Anti-communist cubans landed on the Bay of Pigs and were supported by the US, but Castro was waiting for them with a troop and artilliery.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
-A barbed wire and concrete fence put up to by east Germany to split the east and west.
-The west was anti-fascist whereas the east used fascism.
-Many Family's were split up because of this wall.
-Many residents of east Berlin lost their jobs due to them being located on the west side.
-There were 5000 east Berliners who escaped into the west side, 192 or 239 lost their lives trying to escape and many more were injured
-When the leader of east Germnay in 1989 said that west Berliners could pass the wall whenever they pleased, many brought tools to take the wall down.
-The wall fell in Novemeber 1989 and the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991
The Berlin Wall today - Now a tourist attraction
-The US sent a spy plane over cuba and found out they allowed the USSR to to built missile bases in their country.
-Once Castro gained power in Cuba they created a strong alliance with the USSR for military and economic aid.
-Any attack from Cuba would be treated as an attack from the USSR directly to the US.
-US created a blockade on Cuba until the missile bases and ships from the USSR stopped.
-For 14 days the world was on the brink of a nuclear war
-This event is a main factor of the Detente period.
-Brinkmanship
Missile Base in Cuba
-A period of time where tensions were lessened between the United States and the Soviet Union.
-This period was due to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Stagflation, and the Vietnam war costing a lot of money for the US.
-When the Soviet-Afgan war started the period of detente ended.
-Settlements between the US and Soviet Union to stop manufacturing missiles designed for war.
-SALT I was signed in 1972.
-SALT II was signed in 1979.
-These agreements put a stop to the Arms Race
-Seen as the beginning of the end of the cold war for the Americans
Meeting for SALT I
-1980 - The oylmpics this year was held in Moscow, located in the Soviet Union. The United States Boycotted the olympics in 1980 to fight agaisnt the Soviet invasion of Afganistan. Many countries, including the US, Canada, and West Germany, took apart of this Boycott by withdrawing entirely from the Olympics.
-1984 - The boycott this year was led by the Soviet Union and they were backed up by 14 Eastern Bloc Satellite States. They planned for another major sport event called "Friendship Games". Even though the major countries that usually dominate the Olympics did not participate, there was 140 countries who did, and that is the highest rate of participation.
Special Postage Stamp created in 1984 for the Friendship Games
1980 Propoganda from the US
-After the fall of the Iron Curtain that signaled the opening of the Berlin Wall, and once the wall fell the Soviet Union dissolved.
-Just before the Soviet Union collapsed, Germany was reunited with all zones being given back from the former controlling states.
-This reunification caused Germany's economy to be hit hard and they are still recovering to this day.
October 3, 1990 in Germany
-Mikhail Gorbachev came into power in 1985 and saw that the country was struggling and they needed change.
-These struggles were things like Stagflation and the cost was very high to maintain the large military.
-Mikhail introduced 2 new policies...
Perestroika this allowed for privately owned buisnesses and foreign investment
Glasnost increased the freedom of press and allowed citizens to know about government operations.
Before and After maps of the breakup of the Soviet Union