AP EURO Timeline

Henry IV

1399-1413

Ivan the Terrible

[1533-1547]

• Grand Prince of Moscow
• First Tsar of all Russia
• Ivan the Terrible contributed to Russia's transformation from a medieval state to empire.

1533-1547

Phillip II of Spain

• King of Spain [1556-1598]
• King of Portugal [1580-1598]
• "Protector of the Roman Catholic Church, set out to limit spread of Protestantism
• Completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella

1556-1598

Edict of Nantes [1598]

Granted Calvinist Protestants of France rights in the nation.

1598

Foundation of the Dutch East India Company [1602]

1602

Trading company founded in the Dutch Republic to protect the state's trade in the Indian Ocean. It was also created to assist in the Dutch war of independence from Spain.

James I of England

[1603-1625]

1603-1625

Expulsion of the Moriscos [1609]

• Decreed by King Phillip III of Spain
• Moriscos = descendents of Spain's muslim population

1609

Louis XIII [1610-1643]

• King of France
• Son of Henry IV

1610-1643

Michael Romanov

[1613]

• First Russian Tsar of House of Romanov
• Founder of Romanov Dynasty

1613

Cardinal Richelieu

[1616]

• French clergyman and statesman

1616

Thirty Years War

[1618-1648]

Struggle over political and religious order.

1618-1648

Ferdinand III (Austria)

• Archduke of Austria [1621]
• King of Hungary [1625]
• King of Croatia and Bohemia [1627]
• Holy Roman Emperor [1637]

1621-1657

Charles I [1625-1649]

• King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
• Born into the House of Stuart
• During his reign, his actions frustrated Parliament. This leads to the wars of the English Civil War. Due to this he is later executed in 1649.

1625-1649

Petition of Right [1628]

English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state.

1628

Louis XIV

[1638-1715]

• "Sun King"
• Transformed the monarchy
• Versailles

1638

Long Parliament [1640]

1640

Long Parliament called for the removal of bishops from the Church of England as well as Church's reform along Scottish Presbyterian lines. This slowly contributes to the dismantle of personal rule.

Frederick William (Great Elector)

[1640-1688]

• Elector of Brandenburg
• Duke of Prussia
• Member of House of Hohenzollern
• Known as the "Great Elector" because of military and political achievements.

1640-1688

English Civil War [1642-1651]

1642

The English Civil War was a series of diagreements between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists. These were mainly over England's governance issues along with religous freedom disagreements.

New Model Army [1645]

1645

• Created by Oliver Cromwell (Parliamentarians) during the English Civil War.
• This Army was crucial in overthrowing the monarchy therefore boosting Oliver Cromwell to power during the English Revolution.

Cardinal Mazarin [1642-1661 (death)]

• Italian Cardinal, diplomat, politician
• Chief minister to Louis XIII of France

1642-1661

Peace of Westphalia [1648]

Ended the Thirty Year's War

1648

Fronde [1648-1653]

• Children's game played in the streets of Paris.
• This was an attempt to test the growing power of royal government.
• The failure prepared way for Louis XIV's absolutist personal reign.

1648

William the Silent

[1648]

1648

• William the Silent was the main leader of Dutch revolt against Spanish Hapsburgs.
• He set off the Eighty Year's War which resulted in independence of the United Provinces.

William of Orange

[1650-1702]

• Dutchman --> King of England, Scottland, and Ireland till death
• Reigned while religious divide dominated all international relations

1650

Oliver Cromwell [1653]

• General on the Parliamentary side of the English Civil War
• Oliver Cromwell helped overthrow the powerful Stuart monarchy
• Founded and led the New Model Army

1653

Treaty of Pyrenees [1659]

The Treaty of Pyrenees ended the Spanish-Franco War and often marks beginning of French dominance in Europe.

1659

Restoration

[1660]

King Charles returned to England from exile.

1660

Charles II

[1660-1685 (death)]

• King of Great Britain and Ireland
• Brings the Stuart Dynasty back to the English throne.
• His reign began the Restoration.

1660-1685

Jean Baptiste Colbert

[1661-1683]

• Under the rule of Louis XIV
• French states-man who served as First Minister of State.
• Some of the things he was responsible for included modernizing Paris, backing new advancements in science, and developing trade.

1661-1683

Charles II (of Spain)

[1661-1700]

• Final Hapsburg Ruler
• Death caused War of Spanish Succession.

1661-1700

Secret Treaty With Louis XIV [1670]

The Secret Treaty With Louis XIV was a treaty between England and France signed at Dover in 1670.

1670

Peter the Great

[1682-1721]

• Russian monarch ruling tsardom
• Begins "Reformation" of Russia which was influenced by Western Europe.

1682-1721

Edict of Fontainbleau [1685]

1685

• Issued by French King, Louis XIV
• AKA Revocation of Edict of Nantes. The Edict of Nantes had previously granted Huguenots the right to practice their religon without state persecution.

James II

[1685-1688]

• Final Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
• His reign is primarily remembered for conflict over religious tolerance.

1685-1688

Glorious Revolution

[1688-1689]

The Glorious Revolution includes the overthrow of the Catholic King James II.

1688-1689

William and Mary

• King and Queen of England
• Protestant
• Invited from Netherlands and rescued England from Catholic rule of James II.

1689

Time of Troubles

[1590]

The Time of Troubles was a period of political crisis during Tsardom of Russia.

1598-1613

Great Northern War

[1700-1721]

Alliance led by Tsardom of Russia successful challenged supremacy of Sweden in Baltic area. The Great Northern War resulted in decline of Swedish influence and emergence of Russia as a major power in the Baltic region.

1700-1721

War of Spanish Succession [1701-1714]

• Triggered by death of childless Hapsburg King, Charles II of Spain
• "the first world war of modern times"

1701-1714

Battle of Poltava

[1709]

The Battle of Poltava was a large, decisive battle as a part of the Northern War. The battle ended Sweden's status as a major power. This marked beginning of Russia supremecy in Eastern Europe.

1709

Pragmatic Sanction

[1713]

The Pragmatic Sanction was an edict issued by Charles VI ensuring the Hapsburg heredity possessions and roles could be inherited by a daughter.

1713

Treaty of Utrecht

[1713]

The Treaty of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession.

1713

Frederick William I (Soldier's King)

[1713-1740]

• King in Prussia
• Elector of Brandenburg
• Prince of Neuchatel

1713-1740

Maria Theresa

[1740-1780]

Maria Theresa was the ruler of Hapsburg Dominions from during the 18th century. She ruled during the Enlightened Absolutism time period.

1740-1780

Frederick the Great

[1740-1786]

Frederick the Great is a well known King of Prussia. He is famous for his military successes, patronage of the arts, and the Enlightenment.

1740-1786

Treaty of Aix La Chapelle

[1748]

1748

The Treaty of Aix La Chapelle ended the war of Austria Sucession which was being fought between Britain and France.

Seven Years War

[1756-1763]

The Seven Years War was a global war involving most European powers, nations, states, and even Asia and Americas. The ultimate winner was Great Britain.

1756-1763

Catherine the Great

[1762-1796]

Catherine the Great was the final Empress of Russia who reigned over Russia for 34 years.

1762-1796

Joseph II

[1765-1800]

• Holy Roman Emperor
• Eldest son of Maria Theresa

1765-1800

Partition of Poland

[1772, 1793, 1795]

• Three territorial divisions of Poland, Russia, Prussia, and Austria.

1772