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Kasaysayan ng Edukasyon sa Pilipinas
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Kasaysayan ng Edukasyon ng Pilipinas
Pre-Kolonyal
Pre-Kolonyal Bago 1500
During the pre-colonial period, most children were provided with solely vocational training, which was supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned for specific, specialized roles within their communities
Tradisyong Oral
Oral
Tradition
In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation
Baybayin
Some communities utilised a writing system known as baybayin, whose use was wide and varied, though there are other syllabaries used throughout the archipelago.
Baybayin
Era Hispanica
Espanyol
1521-1898
Formal education was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards, which was conducted mostly by religious orders. Upon learning the local languages and writing systems, they began teaching religion, the Spanish language, and Spanish culture. These religious orders opened the first schools and universities as early as the 16th century.
Escuelas
La
Escuela
Schools were called escuelas. For boys, colegios were opened, ostensibly the equivalent to present day senior high schools. Girls had two types of schools:
1) the beaterio, a school meant to prepare them for the convent, and
2) another escuela meant to prepare them for secular womanhood.
La Primera
Universidad
La Primera Universidad
The Universidad de San Ignacio, founded in Manila in 1589, was the first colegio. Eventually, it was incorporated into the University of Santo Tomas (founded 1611). The University of Santo Tomas remains the oldest university in the Philippines and in Asia.
Unang Libro
El Primero
Libro
The Spanish also introduced printing presses to produce books in Spanish and Tagalog but the first book printed in the Philippines dates back to 1590. It was a Chinese language version of Doctrina Christiana.
The succeeding pioneering books to be printed contained both Latin script and baybayin.
Tomas Pinpin
Tomas
Pinpin
In 1610, Tomas Pinpin, a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, referred to as the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous "Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla", which was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language. The prologue read:
“Let us therefore study, my countrymen, for although the art of learning is somewhat difficult, yet if we are persevering, we shall soon improve our knowledge.
Pampublikong
Paaralan
Educación
Pública
The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government.
Primary education was also declared free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class. Contrary to what the propaganda of the Spanish–American War tried to depict, they were not religious schools; rather, they are schools that were established, supported, and maintained by the Spanish government.
Ang Ilustrados at Ang Katipunan
Heroes
Among those who benefited from the free public education system were a burgeoning group of Filipino intellectuals: the Ilustrados ('enlightened ones'), some of whom included José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Antonio Luna—all of whom played vital roles in the Propaganda Movement that ultimately inspired the founding of the Katipunan.
From them sprang forth Filipino nationalism and the pantheon of heroes.
La Republica Filipina
Unang Republika
1898-1901
The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed briefly because of the Revolution, but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior. The Burgos Institute (the country's first law school), the Academia Militar (the country's first military academy, headed by Antonio Luna), and the Literary University of the Philippines were established. Article 23 of the Malolos Constitution mandated that public education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation under the First Philippine Republic.
The American Period
Amerikano
1901-1946
the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000 teachers from the United States, who were called the Thomasites, to the Philippines between 1901 and 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish barangay schools.
The Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University) was established to train aspiring Filipino teachers.
Pensionados
The Pensionado Act started in 1903, its purpose was to "Educate and bind current and future Filipino leaders to the American colonial administration." Pensionado is a Spanish word for “someone who receives pension from the government.”
Filipinos, mostly males, that were sponsored by the act were able to continue their education abroad and learn about American culture. Notable pensionados include Camilo Osias, Carlos P. Romulo, and Chief Justice José Abad Santos
Gabaldon
Schools
Gabaldon
Schools
Act No. 1381, also known as Gabaldon Law, was passed in 1907, which provided a fund of a million pesos for construction of concrete school buildings and is one of many attempts by the government to meet this demand.
National University
National
University
1908 marked the year when Act No. 1870 initiated the opening of the University of the Philippines, now the country's national university. Its founding units were the College of Medicine, College of Agriculture, and the School of Fine Arts.
Japanese Period
Hapon
1941-1945
The Japanese Military Administration's Order No.2 of 17 February 1942 had six basic points:
- the propagation of Filipino culture;
- the dissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere;
- the spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos;
- the teaching and propagation of Nippongo;
- the diffusion of vocational and elementary education;
- and the promotion of love of labor.
Pilipino
The greatest development in education during the Japanese colonial period was the promotion of the Pilipino language, something never before seen since pre-colonial times.
Panahong Kontemporaryo
Sa Ngayon
1946-2018
In 1947, President Manuel Roxas issued Executive Order No. 94 which renamed Department of Instruction into Department of Education.
In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture (DECS) under Proclamation 1081 (Martial Law), which was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.
New Society
New
Society
Under the New Society (Bagong Lipunan), the 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines:
- to foster love of country;
- to teach the duties of citizenship; and to develop moral character, self-discipline, and
- scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.
Libreng High School
Free H.S.
On May 26, 1988, the Congress of the Philippines enacted the Republic Act 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which mandated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 1988–1989.
Trifocal System of Education
3 Pokus
On May 18, 1994, the Congress passed the Higher Education Act of 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which supervised tertiary degree programs.
On August 25, 1994, the Congress passed the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and began to supervise non-degree technical-vocational programs.
DECS retained responsibility for all elementary and secondary education. In August 2001, the Governance of Basic Education Act was passed. This act changed the name of DECS to the current Department of Education (DepEd).
K-12
3 Pokus
The Philippines formally adopted the K–6–4–2 basic education system—one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education and two years of senior high school education.
K-12 is not only a nation-wide educational reform but also a means for the Philippines to adhere to ASEAN Integration, and now the ASEAN Community.