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Forgotten Pioneers: Chicano Education Movements in Tucson, Arizona From 1960-1979

By Jordan Macias

Date 1

Room to Improve

Shortcomings

One of the things that I belive I need to do some revision on would be the introduction on why there is not a lot of academic work done on Tucson, development of border identity, and international exchange program influence.

Why this topic?

As a member of the Latino community, I feel a conncetion to this part of the Civil Rights Movements. With some direction, Tucson became the focus of the paper because of the large amount of opportunity to find my own groundings in the subject.

Topic & Revisions

As I began my research, I realized that the more I dove into the subject the more complex it was to bring in a wide variety of factors that had some influence in the Chicano Movement.

  • Twin City
  • Agricultural development
  • Relationship with Natives
  • Cross border economy

New

Directions

How to use sources

Process

Since I am not from Arizona, I wanted to tackle the subject from my natural advantage with no knowledge. Additionally, I began to search for a book that told the general history of Tucson. From there I began to take notes on what I thought is already missing from the conversation.

Key Evidence Used

For this paper I explored sources that included census, government documents, marriage certifcates, proposed bills in Arizona, and government programs to name a few.

Key

Evidence

Sources

Salvador Acosta

"Crossing Borders, Eerasing Boundaries: Interethnic Marriages in Tucson, 1854-1930"

Barbara Kay Brooks

"A Comparison of the Characteristics and Perceptions of Hispanic Female High School Dropouts and Peristers"

Arturo Rosales

"Testimonio: A Documentary History of the Mexican American Struggle for Civil Rights"

Sources

Darius Echeverria

"Aztlan Arizona: Mexican American Educational Empowerment, 1968-1978"

Geraldo L. Cadava

"Standing on Common Ground: the Making of a Sunbelt Borderland"

James Officer

"Historical Factors in Interethnic Relations in the Community of Tucson

Thesis

This essay will seek to explore the unique capabilities of the Chicano movement in Tucson with a focus on the education reforms that were being largely pushed by the University of Arizona student body. I also discuss why Tucson is unique when it comes to the Chicano movement and the circumstances that allowed the movement to make its strides.

Cultivation of Chicano

  • outlining terms
  • going over the known history
  • talking about the leaders of the movement

Background

Creating Community

Themes

  • Anti-Apache sediment
  • Intermarriage during the Civil War Period
  • Building the Mexican business man that would create the Latino upper class

The anchors of the movement

Law

  • Bill NO. 23-->English work requirements
  • Operation Wetback-->INS goal to deport 1 million migrants
  • 1966 Miranda V. Arizona--> constitutional rights for Latinos

Help

How can I include the supporting circumstances that led to the creation of the Tucson community?

How do I approach a paper with not a lot of secondary sources?

What do you believe is missing from this paper that could help the arguement?

Are there other places I should look for sources?

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