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MLA 8 Documentation

MLA Documentation

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MLA, which stands for Modern Language Association, is the standard for formatting documents in the humanities. MLA is currently on the eighth edition of the standards.

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What is source material?

When we look up information, like facts, statistics, articles, websites, etc., we are looking at material that is not our own.

Someone else

  • thought this up,
  • created this material,
  • or compiled it on a web page, in an article, in a newspaper, in an image, etc., so we should give them the credit for doing that.

Are you looking at source material if you just Google something to make sure you remember it correctly or to get a correct date or detail in a fact you already know?

Why use source material?

Nobody is an expert on everything. No one expects you to be.

It's okay to consult others to help you strengthen your paper, and you should (when asked to do so).

Citations show that we did not think of or create a thought included in a sentence. (and that's okay! You're not an expert on everything!)

Citations

Citations are a two-part process in an MLA formatted essay.

We use

1) in-text (or parenthetical) citations and

2) Works Cited citations

to show that we are documenting research, or source material.

If we don't give credit, we are plagiarizing.

Plagiarism

  • When a writer takes the words, or even ideas, of another person and tries to pass that information off as their own
  • Stealing
  • knowingly (like purchasing a paper)
  • unknowingly (copying and pasting a quote without giving credit)

What are other ways plagiarism happens?

What's the problem in this class? School? Life?

What are the repercussions?

Colbert Report- Plagiarism

http://www.cc.com/video-clips/b4nnko/the-colbert-report-plagiarism

Common Knowledge vs. Cited Material

Common knowledge: information that most people can be expected to know within a community or culture

Common knowledge is information that

1) you may not need to go look up, and

2) other people would know you were right when you said it.

CAREFUL: Just because YOU didn't have to look something up doesn't make it common knowledge. Why?

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Works Cited Page

Works Cited pages tell how to find your sources, if we needed to.

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  • Margins and header
  • Title (work; works)
  • Alphabetical order
  • Hanging indent
  • Citations (BH; Purdue Owl)

Citations

Citations

Need help:

http://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/mla_examples.cfm

EXAMPLE:

Colbert, Stephen. "Article about Something Funny." Late Show, 17 Aug. 2017, www.stephencolbertwebsite.com/.

FORMATTING TITLES?

Longer, complete works

"Shorter works, or works that come from a larger work"

(NO MORE UNDERLINING TITLES in MLA 8)

The more you know: Include URLs with all online sources.

Helpful Suggestion

Make your Works Cited citations first and keep a running list of them. Why?

It can help to make your Works Cited page a little annotated bibliography.

  • Put a list of keywords under the citation to remind you what you're using it for in this paper
  • Remember to delete the keywords before submitting, though!

Connecting Works Cited to In-text Citations

In-text citations:

Colbert jokes, "equations are the devil's sentences" (17).

Parenthetical citations:

He jokes, "equations are the devil's sentences" (Colbert 17).

  • At the end of the sentence
  • Inside of the period
  • Outside the quotation marks

What do these tell me?

  • Author last name
  • Page number

1. What would happen if I didn't have page numbers in my source?

2. What would happen if didn't know the author's name?

  • Where to look on the Works Cited page

"I don't have..."

What's the common thread?

What if...?

I don't have page numbers?

  • Leave them out. Don't go out of your way to figure out page numbers or paragraph numbers. Give the information you do have, like the author's last name.

I have no author?

  • In the works cited citations, skip it. Go right to the title. Then, in the paper, you give the information that comes first on the works cited page-- so, the title.

I am missing something from the list?

  • Simply omit that portion. Move onto the next item and use the correct punctuation between items.

What if...?

I have TWO authors?

  • In your works cited citation, you will list authors in the order the source presents them. Only the first author's name is presented last name then first name.
  • Ex.: Knowles, Beyonce and Shawn Carter
  • Then, in the paper you would have this (Knowles and Carter).

I have THREE OR MORE authors?

  • You list the first author, then you put the phrase "et al" to indicate there are other authors, but too many to list.
  • Ex.: Knowles, Beyonce et al

Where do I get answers?

  • First and foremost, The Bedford Handbook (orange portion)
  • Then, the Purdue OWL: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
  • EasyBib: http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/mla-8/

**Check all citation makers against Bedford Handbook! You are responsible for correct citations-- not EasyBib.**

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Ways to Use Source Material

Quote: taking a phrase exactly as it appears or is spoken; uses quotation marks

Paraphrase: taking a sentence and putting it into similar, or your own, words

Summary: taking an argument or broad set of facts/information and putting it into your own words

ALL OF THESE REQUIRE CITATIONS

Listen to this spoof on Melania Trump's speech. Consider the parts that the actress is trying to pass off as her own. Where do they come from? Why were people upset about the possibility of her plagiarism?

Quote: In Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities, the narrator states, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom," and other introductory information (1).

Paraphrase: The opening credits of Fresh Prince show Will Smith's character recollecting his upbringing in western Philadelphia, talking about local spots (ex.: playgrounds).

Summary: The children's book, Green Eggs and Ham, tells a story of a man who wouldn't eat unsual eggs or ham in many situations, such as with animals or in vehicles (Seuss).

But...I put it in my own words. Why do I have to cite it?

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Remember title formatting:

Longer, complete works

"Shorter works, or works that come from a larger work"

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Punctuation

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BRACKETS: Use to show you changed words to help the quote work gramatically in your paper

ELLIPSES: Use to show you omitted information

COMMAS: Use to show a transition between quotes and your voice/signal phrases

**NOT USED between author name and page number in-text!

Integrating Source Material

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It's important that source material doesn't overpower your voice. To seamlessly insert research, facts, statistics, etc. into your argument, use I.C.E.

I.C.E.

Signal phrases

  • Tell the author/speaker
  • Tell the source material

Introduce

Quote, paraphrase, summary + citations

I.C.E.

Cite

  • Why use this information?
  • Show an analysis-- use your voice

Explain

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