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MLA, which stands for Modern Language Association, is the standard for formatting documents in the humanities. MLA is currently on the eighth edition of the standards.
When we look up information, like facts, statistics, articles, websites, etc., we are looking at material that is not our own.
Someone else
Are you looking at source material if you just Google something to make sure you remember it correctly or to get a correct date or detail in a fact you already know?
Nobody is an expert on everything. No one expects you to be.
It's okay to consult others to help you strengthen your paper, and you should (when asked to do so).
Citations show that we did not think of or create a thought included in a sentence. (and that's okay! You're not an expert on everything!)
Citations are a two-part process in an MLA formatted essay.
We use
1) in-text (or parenthetical) citations and
2) Works Cited citations
to show that we are documenting research, or source material.
If we don't give credit, we are plagiarizing.
What are other ways plagiarism happens?
What's the problem in this class? School? Life?
What are the repercussions?
Colbert Report- Plagiarism
http://www.cc.com/video-clips/b4nnko/the-colbert-report-plagiarism
Common knowledge: information that most people can be expected to know within a community or culture
Common knowledge is information that
1) you may not need to go look up, and
2) other people would know you were right when you said it.
CAREFUL: Just because YOU didn't have to look something up doesn't make it common knowledge. Why?
!
Need help:
http://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/mla_examples.cfm
EXAMPLE:
Colbert, Stephen. "Article about Something Funny." Late Show, 17 Aug. 2017, www.stephencolbertwebsite.com/.
FORMATTING TITLES?
Longer, complete works
"Shorter works, or works that come from a larger work"
(NO MORE UNDERLINING TITLES in MLA 8)
The more you know: Include URLs with all online sources.
Make your Works Cited citations first and keep a running list of them. Why?
It can help to make your Works Cited page a little annotated bibliography.
In-text citations:
Colbert jokes, "equations are the devil's sentences" (17).
Parenthetical citations:
He jokes, "equations are the devil's sentences" (Colbert 17).
What do these tell me?
1. What would happen if I didn't have page numbers in my source?
2. What would happen if didn't know the author's name?
"I don't have..."
What's the common thread?
I don't have page numbers?
I have no author?
I am missing something from the list?
I have TWO authors?
I have THREE OR MORE authors?
**Check all citation makers against Bedford Handbook! You are responsible for correct citations-- not EasyBib.**
Quote: taking a phrase exactly as it appears or is spoken; uses quotation marks
Paraphrase: taking a sentence and putting it into similar, or your own, words
Summary: taking an argument or broad set of facts/information and putting it into your own words
ALL OF THESE REQUIRE CITATIONS
Listen to this spoof on Melania Trump's speech. Consider the parts that the actress is trying to pass off as her own. Where do they come from? Why were people upset about the possibility of her plagiarism?
Quote: In Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities, the narrator states, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom," and other introductory information (1).
Paraphrase: The opening credits of Fresh Prince show Will Smith's character recollecting his upbringing in western Philadelphia, talking about local spots (ex.: playgrounds).
Summary: The children's book, Green Eggs and Ham, tells a story of a man who wouldn't eat unsual eggs or ham in many situations, such as with animals or in vehicles (Seuss).
But...I put it in my own words. Why do I have to cite it?
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Remember title formatting:
Longer, complete works
"Shorter works, or works that come from a larger work"
[ ]
...
,
BRACKETS: Use to show you changed words to help the quote work gramatically in your paper
ELLIPSES: Use to show you omitted information
COMMAS: Use to show a transition between quotes and your voice/signal phrases
**NOT USED between author name and page number in-text!
It's important that source material doesn't overpower your voice. To seamlessly insert research, facts, statistics, etc. into your argument, use I.C.E.
Signal phrases
Introduce
Quote, paraphrase, summary + citations
Cite
Explain