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Sinification- to assimilate, spread, absorb or have traditional Chinese culture thrust upon you. During the Tang-Song Dynasties (and even before) China’s hegemony had a great impact on its neighbors to the South and East. One of the driving forces… Buddhism
China had been a dominant force in the region for over a thousand years
And through conquest, trade and emulation, its neighbors will selectively
Adopt many political, economic and cultural components of its way of life
From 600-1450 the Sinification of both Vietnam and Korea in the adoption of Buddhism and its 4 noble principles, both were subordinate to Tang Chinese influence and authority, however, Korea will establish a vassal state of Silla whilst Vietnam rarely cooperated with direct colonial control of various Chinese Dynasties (Qin, Han, Tang)
In the Post Classical world (600-1450) the adoption of Chinese culture in Japan and Korea was promulgated by the introduction of Buddhism through monastic orders, both were unable to establish Confucian bureaucracy due to the decentralized political nature of their military aristocracies, however, Japan will abandon their ties to China remaining increasingly isolated while Korea will fortify tributary status in the Kingdom of Silla
From 600-1450 Sinification of Vietnam and Japan traditional roles of women will struggle with the patriarchy of Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism will appeal to the masses with the opportunity for redemption in Nirvana , however, Vietnam was directly colonized by China while Japan’s geographic isolation would prevent direct contact with China.
Japan borrowed much from Chinese culture including Buddhism, Confucianism, and writing
• 646 CE - Japanese emperor introduced the Taika Reforms intended to remake Japanese government along Chinese lines including using a scholar-gentry.
• Women lost power.
• Given in marriage to cement alliances
• Women encouragedto commit suicide if dishonored
• Zen Buddhism-stressed simplicity and discipline
• Zen Buddhism became basis for Japanese art
-Reforms abandoned
-Bureaucracy staffed by nobles
-Nobles and Buddhists nibbled away at imperial power
-Landed nobles and large landowners established private “kingdoms” replete with governments
-These mini-states were ruled by the Bushi from fortresses
• Adopted Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism, and writing
• Alliance with China allowed Silla to subjugate neighboring kingdoms
• Silla resistance against Tang forces caused Tang to accept Silla as vassal state
• Silla borrowed much of Tang government practices
• Korea maintained independence until 20th century.
• Yi Dynasty lastedfrom 1392-1910
•Vietnamese had strong cultural identity
• Took care not to let borrowing from China
dominate Vietnamese culture
• More willing to intermarry between different ethnic groups
• Women enjoyed greater freedom than Chinese
• Vietnam first came under Chinese domination during Han Dynasty
• Adopted bureaucracy including civil service exam
• Adopted Chinese agricultural techniques
• Adopted Chinese military organization and weaponry allowing them to conquer peoples to south and west
• Defeated the Indianized armies of the Khmer
• Gained independence after fall of the Tang
• Attempts by Ming Dynasty and Mongols to conquer Vietnam failed
• Buddhism became dominant religion – frustrating attempts of Vietnamese scholar- gentry to gain power like that in China
• South Vietnam became more populated and powerful
• Power struggle erupted between two powerful families: Trinh/north and Nguyen/south
• Struggle lasted centuries
Make sure to use at least three of the vocabulary words in each section (the more you use the better!)